The Regulatory Roles of Cerebellar Glycosphingolipid Microdomains/Lipid Rafts
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Lipid Rafts
3. GPI-Anchored Proteins
4. Single-Molecule Imaging
5. Gangliosides
6. Ganglioside GD3-Binding Proteins
6.1. Heterotrimeric G Protein Goα
6.2. Src-Family Kinase Lyn
6.3. GPI-Anchored Neuronal Cell Adhesion Molecule TAG-1
6.4. Csk-Binding Protein Cbp
7. Cerebellar Development
8. Contactin Family Members in Developing Granule Cells
9. Cerebellar Raft-Binding Proteins
9.1. Cell Adhesion Molecule L1
9.2. Heterotrimeric G Protein Gsα
9.3. L-Type Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels
10. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
BDNF | brain-derived neurotrophic factor |
CaMK-II | calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II |
Cbp | Csk (C-terminal Src kinase)-binding protein |
CGC | cerebellar granule cells |
DKO | double knockout |
DRM | detergent-resistant membrane |
EGL | external granular layer |
ERK | extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
GC | granule cells |
Goα | heterotrimeric G protein Go α-subunit |
GPI | glycosylphosphatidylinositol |
Gsα | heterotrimeric G protein Gs α-subunit |
HIE | hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy |
IGL | internal granular layer |
KO | knockout |
L-VDCC | L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels |
ML | molecular layer |
PCL | Purkinje cell layer |
PGAP | post GPI attachment to proteins |
PIG | phosphatidyl inositol Glycan |
PKA | protein kinase A |
PKC | protein kinase C |
SDF-1α | stromal-cell derived factor-1 |
TAG-1 | transient axonal glycoprotein-1 |
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Molecules | Function | Tissue/Cell | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Amyloid β(1–42) | Major plaque component in Alzheimer’s disease | CGC | [51] |
α2δ-2 | Calcium channel | cerebellum | [52] |
CaV2.1 | Calcium channel alpha1 subunit | cerebellum | [52] |
Calmodulin | Multifunctional calcium-binding messenger protein | CGC | [51] |
CaMK-II | Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II | CGC | [53] |
Cbp/PAG | Csk-binding protein | CGC | [25] |
Cyb5R | Cytochrome b5 reductase | CGC | [54] |
F3/contactin-1 | GPI-anchored adhesion molecule | cerebellum | [46] |
Flotillin-1 | Scaffolding protein | cerebellum | [52] |
Flotillin-2 | Scaffolding protein | cerebellum | [55] |
Fyn | Src-family tyrosine kinase | cerebellum | [46] |
GABA A receptor | Ligand-gated ion channel | CGC | [56] |
GABA B receptor | G-protein coupled receptor | cerebellum | [57] |
Goα | Heterotrimeric G protein | CGC | [23] |
GAP-43 | Component of the axon and presynaptic terminal | CGC | [58] |
Gsα | Heterotrimeric G protein | cerebellum | [59] |
GSK-3 | Glycogen synthase kinase-3 | CGC | [60] |
Hsc70 | Molecular chaperone | cerebellum | [61] |
Hsp90 | Molecular chaperone | cerebellum | [61] |
Hsp60 | Molecular chaperone | cerebellum | [61] |
Hsp40 | Molecular chaperone | cerebellum | [61] |
LRP1 | LDL receptor-related protein-1 | CGC | [62] |
L-VDCC | L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels | CGC | [53] |
Lyn | Src-family tyrosine kinase | CGC | [19] |
NCAM 120 | GPI-anchored adhesion molecule | cerebellum | [46] |
NCX | Sodium–calcium exchangers | CGC | [63] |
NgR1 | GPI-anchored Nogo-66 receptor | CGC | [64] |
NMDA receptor | Ionotropic glutamate receptor | CGC | [65] |
nNOS | Neuronal nitric oxide synthase | CGC | [65] |
P2X3 receptor | Ionotropic purinergic receptor | CGC | [66] |
P2Y1 receptor | Metabotropic purinergic receptor | cerebellum | [55] |
p75NTR | Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor | CGC | [64] |
PMCA4 | Ca2+-ATPase calcium pumps | cerebellum | [67] |
Protein kinase A | cAMP-dependent protein kinase | CGC | [53] |
Protein kinase C | Ca2+-activated phospholipid-dependent protein kinase | cerebellum | [68] |
PrPC | Prion | CGC | [58] |
SBEE | Serine base exchange enzyme | cerebellum | [68] |
TAG-1/contactin-2 | GPI-anchored adhesion molecule | CGC | [21] |
Thy-1 | GPI-anchored adhesion molecule | cerebellum | [46] |
Tubulin | microtubule | CGC | [69] |
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Komatsuya, K.; Kikuchi, N.; Hirabayashi, T.; Kasahara, K. The Regulatory Roles of Cerebellar Glycosphingolipid Microdomains/Lipid Rafts. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 5566. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065566
Komatsuya K, Kikuchi N, Hirabayashi T, Kasahara K. The Regulatory Roles of Cerebellar Glycosphingolipid Microdomains/Lipid Rafts. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(6):5566. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065566
Chicago/Turabian StyleKomatsuya, Keisuke, Norihito Kikuchi, Tetsuya Hirabayashi, and Kohji Kasahara. 2023. "The Regulatory Roles of Cerebellar Glycosphingolipid Microdomains/Lipid Rafts" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 6: 5566. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065566