Cytokines in Spondyloarthritis and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Implications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Epidemiology and Classification
1.2. Overview on Pathogenesis
1.3. Principles of Diagnosis
2. Cytokines in Spondyloarthritis
3. Cytokines in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
4. Cytokine-Based Therapeutic Scenarios in IBD and SpA
5. Dual Targeted Therapy
Reference | Year | Disease | N Patients | Combination | Control Arm | Outcome | Safety | Follow-up (Months) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sands et al. [97] | 2007 | CD | 79 | Natalizumab + infliximab | Infliximab monotherapy | Safety | No differences in AEs | 10 weeks |
Sands et al. [98] | 2022 | UC | 214 | Guselkumab + golimumab | Guselkumab or golimumab monotherapy | Clinical response (Mayo score) at week 12 | No differences in AEs | 3 |
Genovese et al. [91] | 2004 | RA | 242 | Etanercept + anakinra | Etanercept monotherapy | ACR 50 at week 24 | Increased rate of AEs in combo therapy | 6 |
Weinblatt et al. [101,102] | 2006 | RA | 167 | Abatacept + TNFi abatacept + anakinra | TNFi or anakinra monotherapy | Safety | Increased rate of AEs in combo therapy | 12 |
Weinblatt et al. [102] | 2007 | RA | 121 | Abatacept + etanercept | Etanercept monotherapy | ACR 20 at 6 months | Increased rate of AEs in combo therapy | 12 |
Blank et al. [103] | 2009 | RA | 18 | Rituximab + etanercept | Rituximab monotherapy | Safety | No differences in AEs | 8 |
Greenwald et al. [104] | 2011 | RA | 51 | TNFi + rituximab | TNFi monotherapy | Safety | No differences in AEs | 6 |
Glatt et al. [105] | 2019 | RA | 79 | Certolizumab + bimekizumab (anti-IL-17A and IL-17F) | Certolizumab monotherapy | DAS28 (CRP) and safety | Increased rate of AEs in combo therapy | 4 |
Genovese et al. [92] | 2018 | RA | 222 | ABT-122 (dual TNF and IL-17A inhibitor) | Adalimumab | ACR20 at week 12 | No differences in AEs | 3 |
NCT00845832 [106] | 2013 | RA | 24 | Rituximab + tocilizumab | Tocilizumab monotherapy | LDA at week 16 | No differences in AEs | 12 |
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Felice, C.; Dal Buono, A.; Gabbiadini, R.; Rattazzi, M.; Armuzzi, A. Cytokines in Spondyloarthritis and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Implications. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 3957. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043957
Felice C, Dal Buono A, Gabbiadini R, Rattazzi M, Armuzzi A. Cytokines in Spondyloarthritis and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Implications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(4):3957. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043957
Chicago/Turabian StyleFelice, Carla, Arianna Dal Buono, Roberto Gabbiadini, Marcello Rattazzi, and Alessandro Armuzzi. 2023. "Cytokines in Spondyloarthritis and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Implications" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4: 3957. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043957