Dimethyl Fumarate Treatment Reduces the Amount but Not the Avidity of the Epstein–Barr Virus Capsid-Antigen-Specific Antibody Response in Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Patient Characteristics
2.2. Serum Levels of Anti-Epstein–Barr Virus Antibodies
2.3. Changes in Serum Levels of Anti-Epstein–Barr Virus Antibodies
2.4. Anti-Epstein–Barr Virus Antibody Avidity
2.5. Changes in Anti-Epstein–Barr Virus Antibody Avidity
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Design, Population and Sampling
4.2. Serum Levels of Anti-Epstein–Barr virus Antibodies
4.3. Avidity Determination of Anti-Epstein–Barr Virus Antibodies
4.4. Delta Values
4.5. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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N = 17 | |
---|---|
Age at entry, years: median (IQR) | 40.0 (31.0–45.5) |
Women: n (%) | 12 (70.6) |
Disease duration, months: median (IQR) | 29.0 (14.0–103.5) |
EDSS score: median (IQR) | 1.5 (1.0–1.5) |
Time Points | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T0 (Pre-Therapy) | T1 (1 Week) | T2 (1 Month) | T3 (3 Months) | T4 (6 Months) | |
Anti-EBNA-1 IgG levels, OD a: median (IQR) | 1.261 (1.061–1.477) | 1.231 (0.889–1.444) | 1.252 (0.966–1.423) | 1.238 b (0.857–1.425) | 1.221 (0.938–1.520) |
Anti-CA IgG levels, OD c: median (IQR) | 1.308 (1.077–1.666) | 1.121 d 0.932–1554) | 1.186 e (0.942–1.514) | 1.067 f (0.911–1.319) | 1.182 g (0.954–1.601) |
Analysis Type | Data Analysed (Units) | Test |
---|---|---|
Comparison between groups | Anti-EBNA-1 IgG levels (OD) Anti-CA IgG levels (OD) RAI (%) | Friedman test |
Multiple comparison (each time point vs. every other time point) | Anti-EBNA-1 IgG levels (OD) Anti-CA IgG levels (OD) RAI (%) | Dunn’s pots hoc test |
Changes in repeated measures | ∆OD ∆RAI | Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test |
Degree of association between variables | Anti-EBNA-1 and anti-CA IgG levels (OD) vs. EDSS score | Spearman’s rank |
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Castellazzi, M.; Ferri, C.; Piola, A.; Permunian, S.; Buscemi, G.; Laudisi, M.; Baldi, E.; Pugliatti, M. Dimethyl Fumarate Treatment Reduces the Amount but Not the Avidity of the Epstein–Barr Virus Capsid-Antigen-Specific Antibody Response in Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 1500. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021500
Castellazzi M, Ferri C, Piola A, Permunian S, Buscemi G, Laudisi M, Baldi E, Pugliatti M. Dimethyl Fumarate Treatment Reduces the Amount but Not the Avidity of the Epstein–Barr Virus Capsid-Antigen-Specific Antibody Response in Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(2):1500. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021500
Chicago/Turabian StyleCastellazzi, Massimiliano, Caterina Ferri, Alice Piola, Samantha Permunian, Gaia Buscemi, Michele Laudisi, Eleonora Baldi, and Maura Pugliatti. 2023. "Dimethyl Fumarate Treatment Reduces the Amount but Not the Avidity of the Epstein–Barr Virus Capsid-Antigen-Specific Antibody Response in Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2: 1500. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021500