Mechanisms of PIEZO Channel Inactivation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Intrinsic Mechanisms Underlying Inactivation of the PIEZO Channels
3. Extrinsic Factors Modifying PIEZO Inactivation
4. Altered Inactivation Kinetics of PIEZO Channels Is Related to Human Diseases
5. Conclusions and Expectations
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Classification | Channel Type | Effect | Potential Mechanisms | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Environmental | ||||
Voltage | PIEZO1, PIEZO2 | Slows down inactivation at depolarizing potential; enhances inactivation at hyperpolarizing potential | Possibly affects the charged amino acids at the inner helix of PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 | [10,31,35] |
Temperature | PIEZO1, PIEZO2 | Colder temperature enhances inactivation of PIEZO channels | Changes membrane stiffness and modulates inactivation of PIEZO2; mechanisms on PIEZO1 is unknown. | [28] |
pH | PIEZO1 | Protonation enhances inactivation in PIEZO1 | Unknown | [19] |
Lipids | ||||
linoleic acid (LA) 18:2 | PIEZO1, PIEZO2 | Slows down channels’ inactivation | Increases lipid membrane instability | [38,39] |
arachidonic acid (AA) 20:4 | PIEZO1, PIEZO2 | Enhances channels’ inactivation | Exerts alterations of membrane properties combined with unknown direct protein interacting mechanisms | [38,39] |
eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 20:5 | PIEZO1 PIEZO2 | Enhances channels’ inactivation | as above | [39,40] |
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 22:6 | PIEZO1 | Reduces PIEZO1’s inactivation | as above | [39,41] |
ceramide | PIEZO1 | Important for maintaining the native slow inactivating PIEZO1 currents in ECs. | Possibly reduces the membrane curvature suggested by MD simulation | [42] |
cholesterol | PIEZO1 | Necessary for PIEZO1’s fast inactivation in the HEK cells | Possibly stiffens the membrane | [41,43,44] |
PIP2 | PIEZO1 | Necessary for PIEZO1’s fast inactivation in the HEK cells | Binds to human PIEZO1 K2166-K2169 suggested by MD simulations. These four lysine residues are important for PIEZO1’s inactivation. | [45,46] |
Interacting Proteins | ||||
TMEM150C | PIEZO1, PIEZO2 | Reduces PIEZOs’ inactivation | Unknown | [43] |
MDFIC/MDFI | PIEZO1, PIEZO2 | Removes PIEZOs’ inactivation | Inserts into the pore module of PIEZO1 and PIEZO2; palmitoylation on the C terminal cysteins interacts with essential residues in PIEZOs’ inner helix. | [37] |
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Zhou, Z.; Martinac, B. Mechanisms of PIEZO Channel Inactivation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 14113. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241814113
Zhou Z, Martinac B. Mechanisms of PIEZO Channel Inactivation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(18):14113. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241814113
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou, Zijing, and Boris Martinac. 2023. "Mechanisms of PIEZO Channel Inactivation" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 18: 14113. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241814113