Profile of Innate Immunity in Gilthead Seabream Larvae Reflects Mortality upon Betanodavirus Reassortant Infection and Replication
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Both NNV Reassortants Produce Mortality in Seabream Larvae
2.2. NNV Reassortants Replicate and Produce Infective Particles in Seabream Larvae
2.3. Nkl Protein Is Increased in 37 dph Larvae Infected by SJNNV/RGNNV
2.4. Larval Age Is More Important than NNV Reassortant or Infection Time Factors
2.5. Immune Genes Are Differently Modulated by NNV Reassortants
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals
4.2. Challenge with Nodavirus and Sampling
4.3. Gene Expression by Real-Time PCR (qPCR)
4.4. Virus Isolation and Titration
4.5. Detection of Hamp and Nkl Proteins by ELISA
4.6. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Factor | dph | NNV | dpi | dph × NNV | dph × dpi | dpi × NNV | dph × dpi × NNV | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gene | rdrp | 0.028 | 0.008 | 0.009 | 0.011 | 0.011 | 0.001 | 0.002 |
cp | 0.107 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.140 | 0.082 | 0.000 | 0.073 | |
mx | 0.000 | 0.036 | 0.563 | 0.036 | 0.563 | 0.246 | 0.246 | |
mda5 | 0.000 | 0.805 | 0.278 | 0.791 | 0.297 | 0.055 | 0.047 | |
hsp70 | 0.000 | 0.533 | 0.875 | 0.516 | 0.872 | 0.547 | 0.545 | |
il1b | 0.000 | 0.795 | 0.000 | 0.791 | 0.000 | 0.951 | 0.950 | |
il8 | 0.001 | 0.115 | 0.007 | 0.113 | 0.007 | 0.208 | 0.207 | |
hamp | 0.817 | 0.122 | 0.266 | 0.607 | 0.656 | 0.441 | 0.556 | |
nkl | 0.000 | 0.165 | 0.200 | 0.184 | 0.106 | 0.119 | 0.109 | |
nccrp1 | 0.000 | 0.168 | 0.004 | 0.165 | 0.004 | 0.081 | 0.082 | |
prf | 0.000 | 0.112 | 0.923 | 0.323 | 0.314 | 0.010 | 0.014 | |
gzma | 0.000 | 0.237 | 0.968 | 0.159 | 0.717 | 0.005 | 0.012 | |
gzmb | 0.000 | 0.093 | 0.441 | 0.090 | 0.485 | 0.044 | 0.047 | |
Protein | Hamp | ND | 0.907 | 0.007 | ND | ND | 0.481 | ND |
Nkl | ND | 0.004 | 0.759 | ND | ND | 0.146 | ND | |
Viral load | ND | 0.000 | 0.000 | ND | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |
Survival | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 |
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García-Álvarez, M.Á.; Arizcun, M.; Chaves-Pozo, E.; Cuesta, A. Profile of Innate Immunity in Gilthead Seabream Larvae Reflects Mortality upon Betanodavirus Reassortant Infection and Replication. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 5092. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095092
García-Álvarez MÁ, Arizcun M, Chaves-Pozo E, Cuesta A. Profile of Innate Immunity in Gilthead Seabream Larvae Reflects Mortality upon Betanodavirus Reassortant Infection and Replication. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(9):5092. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095092
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarcía-Álvarez, Miguel Ángel, Marta Arizcun, Elena Chaves-Pozo, and Alberto Cuesta. 2022. "Profile of Innate Immunity in Gilthead Seabream Larvae Reflects Mortality upon Betanodavirus Reassortant Infection and Replication" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 9: 5092. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095092