Evaluation of Cell Migration and Cytokines Expression Changes under the Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field on Wound Healing In Vitro Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. RF-EMF Exposure Does Not Change the Viability of HaCaT Cells
2.2. RF-EMF Modulates Oxidative Balance in HaCaT Cells
2.3. RF-EMF Promotes Proliferation and Migration of HaCaT Cells in a Model of Wound Healing
2.4. RF-EMF Modulates Expression of Inflammatory Mediators in HaCaT Cells
2.5. RF-EMF Modulates Expression and Production of IL-6
2.6. RF-EMF Modulates Expression of MMPs in HaCaT Cells
3. Discussion and Conclusions
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Culture
4.2. RF-EMF Exposure System
4.3. Experimental Protocols
4.4. Cell Proliferation Assay
4.5. Oxidative Stress
4.5.1. GSH Assay
4.5.2. ROS Assay
4.6. Mechanical Stretch Injury and Migration Rate Assays
4.7. Cell Proliferation Assay in Presence of Mitomycin C and Mechanical Scratch
4.8. Real-Time PCR
4.9. IL-6 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
5. Statistics
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene | Forward Primer Sequence (5’-3’) | Reverse Primer Sequence (5’-3’) | Amplicon Lenght |
---|---|---|---|
TNFα | CCTTCCTGATCGTGGCAG | GCTTGAGGGTTTGCTACAAC | 184 bp |
TGFβ | AACAATTCCTGGCGATACCTC | GTAGTGAACCCGTTGATGTCC | 197 bp |
IL-8 | GTGTAAACATGACTTCCAAGCTG | GTCCACTCTCAATCACTCTCAG | 182 bp |
IL-18 | CAGTCAGCAAGGAATTGTCTC | GAGGAAGCGATCTGGAAGG | 139 bp |
COX-2 | GACAGTCCACCAACTTACAATG | GGCAATCATCAGGCACAGG | 105 bp |
IL-4 | CAAGTGACTGACAATCTGGTG | AGTGACAATGTGAGGCAATTAG | 182 bp |
IL-6 | GTACATCCTCGACGGCATC | ACCTCAAACTCCAAAAGACCAG | 198 bp |
TIMP1 | CCAAGCCTTAGGGGATGCCG | GCTGTTCCAGGGAGCCACAA | 175 bp |
MMP-9 | GTCTTCCCCTTCACTTTCCTG | GAGGAATGATCTAAGCCCAGC | 197 bp |
MMP-2 | CAGTGACGGAAAGATGTGGT | TGGTGTAGGTGTAAATGGGTG | 182 bp |
MMP-13 | GTTGCTGCGCATGAGTTCGG | AACCTGCTGAGGATGCAGGC | 294 bp |
RPS18 | CTTTGCCATCACTGCCATTAAG | TCCATCCTTTACATCCTTCTGTC | 199 bp |
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Costantini, E.; Aielli, L.; Serra, F.; De Dominicis, L.; Falasca, K.; Di Giovanni, P.; Reale, M. Evaluation of Cell Migration and Cytokines Expression Changes under the Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field on Wound Healing In Vitro Model. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 2205. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042205
Costantini E, Aielli L, Serra F, De Dominicis L, Falasca K, Di Giovanni P, Reale M. Evaluation of Cell Migration and Cytokines Expression Changes under the Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field on Wound Healing In Vitro Model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(4):2205. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042205
Chicago/Turabian StyleCostantini, Erica, Lisa Aielli, Federica Serra, Lorenzo De Dominicis, Katia Falasca, Pamela Di Giovanni, and Marcella Reale. 2022. "Evaluation of Cell Migration and Cytokines Expression Changes under the Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field on Wound Healing In Vitro Model" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 4: 2205. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042205