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Article

Membrane Vesicles for Nanoencapsulated Sulforaphane Increased Their Anti-Inflammatory Role on an In Vitro Human Macrophage Model

by
Lucía Yepes-Molina
1,
María Isabel Pérez-Jiménez
1,2,
María Martínez-Esparza
2,*,
José A. Teruel
3,
Antonio J. Ruiz-Alcaraz
2,
Pilar García-Peñarrubia
2 and
Micaela Carvajal
1,*
1
Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
2
Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular (B) e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, IMIB and Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
3
Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(4), 1940; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23041940
Submission received: 10 January 2022 / Revised: 2 February 2022 / Accepted: 4 February 2022 / Published: 9 February 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Biochemistry)
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Abstract

At present, there is a growing interest in finding new non-toxic anti-inflammatory drugs to treat inflammation, which is a key pathology in the development of several diseases with considerable mortality. Sulforaphane (SFN), a bioactive compound derived from Brassica plants, was shown to be promising due to its anti-inflammatory properties and great potential, though its actual clinical use is limited due to its poor stability and bioavailability. In this sense, the use of nanocarriers could solve stability-related problems. In the current study, sulforaphane loaded into membrane vesicles derived from broccoli plants was studied to determine the anti-inflammatory potential in a human-macrophage-like in vitro cell model under both normal and inflammatory conditions. On the one hand, the release of SFN from membrane vesicles was modeled in vitro, and two release phases were stabilized, one faster and the other slower due to the interaction between SFN and membrane proteins, such as aquaporins. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory action of sulforaphane-loaded membrane vesicles was demonstrated, as a decrease in interleukins crucial for the development of inflammation, such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, was observed. Furthermore, these results also showed that membrane vesicles by themselves had anti-inflammatory properties, opening the possibility of new lines of research to study these vesicles, not only as carriers but also as active compounds.
Keywords: broccoli; inflammation; macrophage; membrane vesicles; nanocarrier; sulforaphane broccoli; inflammation; macrophage; membrane vesicles; nanocarrier; sulforaphane

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yepes-Molina, L.; Pérez-Jiménez, M.I.; Martínez-Esparza, M.; Teruel, J.A.; Ruiz-Alcaraz, A.J.; García-Peñarrubia, P.; Carvajal, M. Membrane Vesicles for Nanoencapsulated Sulforaphane Increased Their Anti-Inflammatory Role on an In Vitro Human Macrophage Model. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 1940. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23041940

AMA Style

Yepes-Molina L, Pérez-Jiménez MI, Martínez-Esparza M, Teruel JA, Ruiz-Alcaraz AJ, García-Peñarrubia P, Carvajal M. Membrane Vesicles for Nanoencapsulated Sulforaphane Increased Their Anti-Inflammatory Role on an In Vitro Human Macrophage Model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(4):1940. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23041940

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yepes-Molina, Lucía, María Isabel Pérez-Jiménez, María Martínez-Esparza, José A. Teruel, Antonio J. Ruiz-Alcaraz, Pilar García-Peñarrubia, and Micaela Carvajal. 2022. "Membrane Vesicles for Nanoencapsulated Sulforaphane Increased Their Anti-Inflammatory Role on an In Vitro Human Macrophage Model" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 4: 1940. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23041940

APA Style

Yepes-Molina, L., Pérez-Jiménez, M. I., Martínez-Esparza, M., Teruel, J. A., Ruiz-Alcaraz, A. J., García-Peñarrubia, P., & Carvajal, M. (2022). Membrane Vesicles for Nanoencapsulated Sulforaphane Increased Their Anti-Inflammatory Role on an In Vitro Human Macrophage Model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(4), 1940. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23041940

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