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10.3390/ijms23031744
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Article

Immature Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Healthy Murine Arteries and Atherosclerotic Plaques: Localization and Activity

by
Alexander Balatskiy
1,2,*,
Ilia Ozhimalov
3,
Maria Balatskaya
3,
Alexandra Savina
3,
Julia Filatova
4,
Natalia Kalinina
3,
Vladimir Popov
3 and
Vsevolod Tkachuk
1,3,5
1
Medical Scientific and Educational Centre, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia
2
Institute of Basic Neurology, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Biomedical Agency, 117513 Moscow, Russia
3
Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
4
Department of Cardiology, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Healthcare, 127473 Moscow, Russia
5
Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(3), 1744; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031744
Submission received: 26 December 2021 / Revised: 1 February 2022 / Accepted: 1 February 2022 / Published: 3 February 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atherosclerosis: From Molecular Biology to Therapeutic Perspective 2.0)
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Abstract

The local development of atherosclerotic lesions may, at least partly, be associated with the specific cellular composition of atherosclerosis-prone regions. Previously, it was demonstrated that a small population of immature vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) expressing both CD146 and neuron-glial antigen 2 is postnatally sustained in atherosclerosis-prone sites. We supposed that these cells may be involved in atherogenesis and can continuously respond to angiotensin II, which is an atherogenic factor. Using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, wound migration assay xCELLigence system, and calcium imaging, we studied the functional activities of immature VSMCs in vitro and in vivo. According to our data, these cells do not express nestin, CD105, and the leptin receptor. They are localized in atherosclerosis-prone regions, and their number increases with age, from 5.7% to 23%. Immature VSMCs do not migrate to low shear stress areas and atherosclerotic lesions. They also do not have any unique response to angiotensin II. Thus, despite the localization of immature VSMCs and the presence of the link between their number and age, our study did not support the hypothesis that immature VSMCs are directly involved in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Additional lineage tracing studies can clarify the fate of these cells during atherogenesis.
Keywords: immature smooth muscle cells; pericytes; atherosclerosis; NG2; CD146; angiotensin II; angiotensin II receptor type 2 immature smooth muscle cells; pericytes; atherosclerosis; NG2; CD146; angiotensin II; angiotensin II receptor type 2

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MDPI and ACS Style

Balatskiy, A.; Ozhimalov, I.; Balatskaya, M.; Savina, A.; Filatova, J.; Kalinina, N.; Popov, V.; Tkachuk, V. Immature Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Healthy Murine Arteries and Atherosclerotic Plaques: Localization and Activity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 1744. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031744

AMA Style

Balatskiy A, Ozhimalov I, Balatskaya M, Savina A, Filatova J, Kalinina N, Popov V, Tkachuk V. Immature Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Healthy Murine Arteries and Atherosclerotic Plaques: Localization and Activity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(3):1744. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031744

Chicago/Turabian Style

Balatskiy, Alexander, Ilia Ozhimalov, Maria Balatskaya, Alexandra Savina, Julia Filatova, Natalia Kalinina, Vladimir Popov, and Vsevolod Tkachuk. 2022. "Immature Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Healthy Murine Arteries and Atherosclerotic Plaques: Localization and Activity" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3: 1744. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031744

APA Style

Balatskiy, A., Ozhimalov, I., Balatskaya, M., Savina, A., Filatova, J., Kalinina, N., Popov, V., & Tkachuk, V. (2022). Immature Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Healthy Murine Arteries and Atherosclerotic Plaques: Localization and Activity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(3), 1744. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031744

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