Genes and Longevity of Lifespan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Genes and Longevity of Lifespan
2.1. Aging and Genomic Modulation
2.1.1. Apolipoprotein E (APOE)
2.1.2. p53
2.1.3. Sirtuin (SIRT1)
3. Genomic Instability and Oxidative Stress in Longevity of Lifespan
4. DAF-16/FOXO (Forkhead Box Protein O1), TOR and JNK Pathways in Aging
DAF-16/FOXO (Forkhead Box Protein O1), TOR and JNK Pathways
5. Conclusions
6. Future Perspective
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sr. No. | Gene | Protein | Main Physiological Role | Change with Age or Abnormility | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | APOE | Apolipoprotein E |
| Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and in Alzheimer’s disease | [25,26,27] |
2 | P53 | Tumor protein p53 |
| Cancer | [28,29,30] |
3 | SIRT1 | Sirtuin 1 protein |
| Aging, cancer Slow lipid metabolism | [31,32,33,34,35] |
4 | DAF-16 | FOXO1 transcription factor |
| Cell cycle arrest, apoptosis | [36,37,38] |
5 | CHRNA3 | Cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit |
| Addiction to alcohol/cocaine Decline in nerve response | [39,40] |
6 | SH2B3 | SH2B adaptor protein 3 |
| Cancer, age dependent Insulin resistance | [41,42,43,44,45] |
7 | CDKN2A | Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A |
| Diabetes type 2, obesity, adipose tissue browning, cardiac dystrophy | [46,47,48,49,50,51] |
8 | ELOVL2 | Elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids-like 2 |
| Glucolipotoxicity-induced apoptosis | [52,53,54,55] |
9 | WRN | Werner protein |
| Premature aging disease, cataracts, atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, and cancer | [56,57,58,59,60] |
10 | PON1 | Paraoxonase 1 |
| Cardiovascular disease | [61,62,63,64] |
11 | SOD2 | Superoxide dismutase 2 |
| Alzeimer’s disease, diabetes, cardiac complications | [65,66,67,68] |
12 | LMNA | Lamin A protein |
| Accelerated aging process | [69,70,71,72] |
13 | CETP | Cholesteryl ester transfer protein |
| Cardiovascular diseases | [73,74,75,76] |
14 | APOC3 | Apolipoprotein C3 |
| Insulin resistance Coronary artery calcium and AD | [77,78,79,80] |
15 | MTP | Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein |
| Metabolic diseases | [81,82,83] |
16 | PIK3CA | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). |
| Cancer | [84,85,86,87] |
17 | DAF-2 | Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor |
| Cancer | [88,89,90,91] |
18 | PIMT | Protein-L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase |
| Fatal epilepsy | [92,93,94] |
19 | GH1 | Growth hormone |
| Aging Chronic kidney disease | [95,96,97,98,99,100] |
20 | KLOTHO | Protein alpha-klotho |
| Chronic kidney and vascular disease, | [101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108] |
21 | CREB | cAMP-response element binding protein |
| Alzheimer’s disease | [109,110,111,112,113] |
22 | MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease Cardiac hypertrophy | [114,115,116,117,118,119] |
23 | EGFR | epidermal growth factor receptor |
| Cancer | [120,121,122,123,124] |
24 | NF-kB | Nuclear factor kappa B |
| Coronary artery disease Cancer and immune diseases | [125,126,127,128,129,130] |
25 | PLC-β | Phospholipase C beta |
| Neurodegenerative disease; metastasis | [131,132,133,134] |
26 | MSR-A | Methionine sulfoxide reductase A |
| Neurodegenerative diseases, cystic fibrosis, neurological disorders, cancer | [135,136,137,138] |
27 | MEMO1 | Mediator of cell motility 1 |
| Cancer Neurological disorders | [139,140] |
28 | NEIL1 | Nei like DNA Ggycosylase 1 |
| Alzheimer’s disease | [141,142,143] |
29 | PPARγ2 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | [144,145,146,147] |
30 | EIF3K | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit K |
| Lifespan extension in C. elegans | [148,149,150] |
31 | ATM | ATM serine/threonine kinase |
| Lymphoid malignancies Coronary artery disease | [151,152,153,154] |
32 | BCL2 | B-cell lymphoma 2 |
| Huntington’s disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [155,156,157] |
33 | CDC42 | Cell division cycle 42 |
| Genomic instability Aging | [158,159,160,161,162] |
34 | DGAT1 | Diacylglycerol O -acyltransferase 1 |
| Congenital diarrheal disorder | [163,164,165,166] |
35 | EGR1 | Early growth response 1 |
| Cancer | [167,168,169,170] |
36 | FGF23 | Fibroblast growth factor 23 |
| Chronic kidney disease | [171,172,173] |
37 | FGF21 | Fibroblast growth factor 21 |
| Cardiovascular disease | [174,175,176,177,178] |
38 | FN3KRP | Fructosamine 3 kinase related protein |
| - | [179,180] |
39 | PGP | Phosphoglycolate phosphatase |
| Cardiometabolic diseases | [179,180,181] |
40 | IRS1 | Insulin receptor substrate 1 |
| Coronary artery disease Tau pathology in alzheimer’s disease | [182,183,184,185,186] |
41 | BMI1 | Polycomb complex protein BMI-1 |
| Hematologic malignancies | [187,188,189,190,191] |
42 | NRG-1 | Neuregulin 1 |
| Schizophrenia | [192,193,194,195,196] |
43 | STAT | Signal transducer and activator of transcription |
| Autoimmune diseases Cancers | [197,198,199,200,201] |
44 | E2F1 | E2F Transcription Factor 1 |
| Cancers | [202,203,204,205,206] |
45 | VEGF-A | Vascular endothelial growth factor A |
| Cancers | [207,208,209] |
46 | XME | Xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes |
| - | [210,211,212,213] |
47 | MYC | Myc proto-oncogene protein |
| Cancer | [214,215,216,217] |
48 | CXCR4 | C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 |
| Cancer | [218,219,220] |
49 | SIR-2 | Silent information regulator 2 |
| Neurodegenerative disease Cardiac failure | [221,222,223,224,225] |
50 | ERK | Extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| Leukemia | [226,227] |
51 | SLC31 |
| Immune dysfunction Multiple diseases | [228] |
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Bin-Jumah, M.N.; Nadeem, M.S.; Gilani, S.J.; Al-Abbasi, F.A.; Ullah, I.; Alzarea, S.I.; Ghoneim, M.M.; Alshehri, S.; Uddin, A.; Murtaza, B.N.; et al. Genes and Longevity of Lifespan. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 1499. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031499
Bin-Jumah MN, Nadeem MS, Gilani SJ, Al-Abbasi FA, Ullah I, Alzarea SI, Ghoneim MM, Alshehri S, Uddin A, Murtaza BN, et al. Genes and Longevity of Lifespan. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(3):1499. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031499
Chicago/Turabian StyleBin-Jumah, May Nasser, Muhammad Shahid Nadeem, Sadaf Jamal Gilani, Fahad A. Al-Abbasi, Inam Ullah, Sami I. Alzarea, Mohammed M. Ghoneim, Sultan Alshehri, Aziz Uddin, Bibi Nazia Murtaza, and et al. 2022. "Genes and Longevity of Lifespan" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3: 1499. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031499
APA StyleBin-Jumah, M. N., Nadeem, M. S., Gilani, S. J., Al-Abbasi, F. A., Ullah, I., Alzarea, S. I., Ghoneim, M. M., Alshehri, S., Uddin, A., Murtaza, B. N., & Kazmi, I. (2022). Genes and Longevity of Lifespan. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(3), 1499. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031499