miR−122−5p Regulates Renal Fibrosis In Vivo
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Profiling of miRNAs in Renal Fibrosis
2.2. Regulation of Renal Fibrosis by a Mimic and Inhibitor of miR−122−5p
2.3. Mechanism of the Modulation of Renal Fibrosis by miR−122−5p
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Ethical Approval
4.2. Renal Fibrotic Mouse Model
4.3. miRNA Microarray Analysis, Data Processing, and Statistical Analysis
4.4. qRT-PCR
4.5. miR−122−5p Mimic and miR−122−5p Inhibitor
4.6. Delivery of the miRNA Mimic and miRNA Inhibitor to Kidneys
4.7. Kidney Histology (AZAN Staining and Sirius Red Staining)
4.8. IHC
4.9. Measurement of Serum BUN
4.10. Nomenclature System for miRNAs
4.11. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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microRNA | Sequences | Fold Change | p |
---|---|---|---|
(UUO Mice/Control Mice) | |||
miR−511−3p | AAUGUGUAGCAAAAGACAGGAU | 312.3 | <0.01 |
miR−375−3p | UUUGUUCGUUCGGCUCGCGUGA | 143.0 | <0.01 |
miR−130b−3p | CAGUGCAAUGAUGAAAGGGCAU | 61.8 | <0.01 |
miR−127−3p | UCGGAUCCGUCUGAGCUUGGCU | 55.7 | <0.01 |
miR−466b−3p | AUACAUACACGCACACAUAAGA | 48.8 | <0.01 |
miR−7211−3p | UGGAGUGACUGUAGGGAGGAUGC | 41.7 | <0.01 |
miR−669l−5p | AGUUGUGUGUGCAUGUAUAUGU | 40.6 | <0.01 |
miR−214−5p | UGCCUGUCUACACUUGCUGUGC | 39.1 | <0.01 |
miR−6929−3p | AGGGAGGAGCAGCAUCUGUGA | 38.9 | <0.01 |
miR−467b−5p | GUAAGUGCCUGCAUGUAUAUG | 35.5 | <0.01 |
miR−8109 | CCCGCGGCCG | 33.4 | <0.01 |
miR−467a−3p | TGTAGGTGTGTGTATGTATA | 33.3 | <0.01 |
miR−136−5p | CCATCATCAAAACAAATGGAGT | 30.9 | <0.01 |
miR−421−3p | GCGCCCAATTAATGTCTG | 26.0 | <0.01 |
miR−467e−5p | ACATATACATGCTCACACT | 25.6 | <0.01 |
miR−290b−3p | TACTCAAACTATGGGGGC | 19.0 | <0.01 |
miR−1907 | ACCTCCAGATCCTCTG | 17.7 | <0.01 |
miR−1967 | GCATCTTCTCCCCAG | 17.7 | <0.01 |
miR−7687−5p | AGCCTGCGCCTCA | 17.4 | <0.01 |
miR−106b−3p | GCAGCAAGTACCCAC | 15.1 | <0.01 |
miR−379−5p | CCTACGTTCCATAGTC | 14.5 | <0.01 |
miR−3547−5p | TCCCGGGCCCC | 14.1 | <0.01 |
miR−1947−3p | GGAGGGAGAGCTAGC | 13.6 | <0.01 |
miR−3091−5p | GCGGGCCCAACC | 13.5 | <0.01 |
miR−134−5p | CCCCTCTGGTCAA | 13.2 | <0.01 |
miR−31−3p | GATGGCAATATGTTGGCAT | 13.2 | <0.01 |
miR−5099 | GGAGCACCACATCG | 11.4 | <0.01 |
miR−141−5p | TCCAACACTGCACTGGA | 10.9 | <0.01 |
miR−15b−3p | TAGAGCAGCAAATAATGATTCG | 10.9 | <0.01 |
miR−300−3p | GAAGAGAGCTTGCCCTTG | 10.8 | <0.01 |
miR−342−5p | CTCAATCACAGATAGCACC | 10.4 | <0.01 |
miR−8095 | GGGACAGACAGCAGA | 10.2 | <0.01 |
miR−6984−3p | AGAAAGACAGGAAAGAAAG | 10.0 | <0.01 |
miR−714 | GCGACCGACCGGCC | 9.6 | <0.01 |
miR−3472 | GGTTCCTTCCAGCTT | 9.5 | <0.01 |
miR−1957a | GTCATATGCTCTACCACT | 9.4 | <0.01 |
miR−5131 | GCTCGGGGCTCC | 8.8 | <0.01 |
miR−7047−3p | GGAAGGAGGAAGGGT | 8.6 | <0.01 |
miR−3473c | CTTATTATGGGGGCTGG | 8.1 | <0.01 |
miR−21a−3p | GACAGCCCATCGACT | 7.8 | <0.01 |
miR−6392−3p | AGAGGACCCGGCA | 7.2 | <0.01 |
miR−710 | CTCAACTCTCCCCA | 7.0 | <0.01 |
miR−7046−5p | CCTGGCTCCCAGC | 6.9 | <0.01 |
miR−146b−5p | AGCCTATGGAATTCAGTTC | 6.4 | <0.01 |
miR−770−3p | CCAGCTCCACGTC | 6.0 | <0.01 |
miR−6961−5p | GGCCATTTCCTTCCC | 5.6 | <0.01 |
miR−376a−3p | ACGTGGATTTTCCTCTA | 5.5 | <0.01 |
miR−6354 | AGAGACCTGATCCCCA | 5.3 | <0.01 |
miR−1931 | GCCATCGCACCAGC | 5.2 | <0.01 |
miR−501−3p | CAAATCCTTGCCCGG | 4.9 | <0.01 |
miR−21a−5p | TCAACATCAGTCTGATAAGC | 4.9 | <0.01 |
miR−132−3p | CGACCATGGCTGTAGA | 4.9 | <0.01 |
miR−468−3p | CAGACACACGCACATCA | 4.7 | <0.01 |
miR−214−3p | ACTGCCTGTCTGT | 4.4 | <0.01 |
miR−7672−5p | TCGCCCGCTGTCA | 4.4 | <0.01 |
miR−292b−3p | ATACTCAAACTGGGGGC | 4.0 | <0.01 |
miR−7063−5p | TGTGCTCAGCCTGC | 4.0 | <0.01 |
miR−5132−5p | CCTGAGTCCACCACC | 4.0 | <0.01 |
miR−3093−3p | CCAACCTCCCACGG | 4.0 | <0.01 |
miR−142a−3p | TCCATAAAGTAGGAAACACTACA | 4.0 | <0.01 |
miR−5121 | GGAGATGTCTCATCACA | 4.0 | <0.01 |
miR−223−3p | TGGGGTATTTGACAAACTGAC | 3.9 | <0.01 |
miR−224−5p | AACGGAACCACTAGTGACTTA | 3.9 | <0.01 |
miR−3572−5p | GTCCACCTTGCCCT | 3.8 | <0.01 |
miR−6963−5p | CCAGGTTCTGCCATC | 3.8 | <0.01 |
miR−6921−5p | GCTTCCTACCTCATGC | 3.7 | <0.01 |
miR−467a−5p | CGCATATACATGCAGGCA | 3.5 | <0.01 |
miR−6349 | CGCATGCCCCTCC | 3.5 | <0.01 |
miR−669b−5p | ACATGCACATGCACACA | 3.5 | <0.01 |
miR−299b−5p | ATGTATGTGGGACGGTAAAC | 3.5 | <0.01 |
miR−7080−3p | AGGGAACGGAGGGG | 3.5 | <0.01 |
miR−142a−5p | AGTAGTGCTTTCTACTTTA | 3.4 | <0.01 |
miR−199a−5p | GAACAGGTAGTCTGAACAC | 3.2 | <0.01 |
miR−8093 | CACTCATGCTCTGCTC | 3.1 | <0.01 |
miR−183−5p | AGTGAATTCTACCAGTGCC | 3.1 | <0.01 |
miR−7040−5p | CGCCTCCATCTCCC | 3.0 | <0.01 |
miR−718 | CGACACCCGGCCG | 3.0 | <0.01 |
miR−7235−5p | GCCCAGACCCCTC | 3.0 | <0.01 |
miR−762 | GCTCTGTCCCGGC | 3.0 | <0.01 |
miR−199a−3p | TAACCAATGTGCAGACTACT | 3.0 | <0.01 |
miR−672−5p | TCACACACAGTACACCA | 2.9 | <0.01 |
miR−18a−5p | CTATCTGCACTAGATGCAC | 2.8 | <0.01 |
miR−3067−3p | CCTCTCCCAGGGC | 2.8 | <0.01 |
miR−292a−5p | CAAAAGAGCCCCCAG | 2.7 | <0.01 |
miR−342−3p | ACGGGTGCGATTTCTGT | 2.7 | <0.01 |
miR−20a−3p | CTTTAAGTGCTCGTAATGCA | 2.7 | <0.01 |
miR−let−7i−3p | AGCAAGGCAGTAGCTT | 2.6 | <0.01 |
miR−290a−3p | GGGCTTAAAACTAGGCGGC | 2.6 | <0.01 |
miR−182−5p | CGGTGTGAGTTCTACC | 2.5 | <0.01 |
miR−149−3p | GCACCGCCCCC | 2.5 | <0.01 |
miR−877−5p | CCCTGCGCCATCT | 2.5 | <0.01 |
miR−1949 | AACTATGCTGACATCCTG | 2.5 | <0.01 |
miR−674−5p | TACACCACTCCCAT | 2.5 | <0.01 |
miR−199b−5p | GAACAGGTAGTCTAAACACTGG | 2.5 | <0.01 |
miR−31−5p | CAGCTATGCCAGCATCT | 2.4 | <0.01 |
miR−125a−3p | GGCTCCCAAGAACCTC | 2.4 | <0.01 |
miR−721 | TTCCCCCTTTTAATT | 2.4 | <0.01 |
miR−7115−3p | CTGTGGGGGCAGG | 2.3 | <0.01 |
miR−3474 | GAATCCACGTCTCCTC | 2.3 | <0.01 |
miR−28a−3p | TCCAGCAGCTCACA | 2.2 | <0.01 |
miR−3075−5p | GTCCTTGGCTGCTC | 2.2 | <0.01 |
miR−5126 | CCCCGCCCCCG | 2.2 | <0.01 |
miR−155−5p | ACCCCTATCACAATTAGC | 2.1 | <0.01 |
miR−2861 | CCGCCCGCCG | 2.1 | <0.01 |
miR−5128 | AGCCATCTCGCCAGC | 2.1 | <0.01 |
miR−135a−1−3p | CGCCACGGCTCCA | 2.1 | <0.01 |
miR−8110 | CCCCCCCCCCA | 2.1 | <0.01 |
miR−211−3p | GCCCCCCTTTGCT | 2.0 | <0.01 |
miR−7118−5p | GTTCCCTCTCCCGC | 2.0 | <0.01 |
miR−6975−5p | GCUGGGGAGAAAGGGGUUUGGCA | −253.2 | <0.01 |
miR−6918−5p | UGCUGAGGACGGGAUUAGGUUCU | −252.2 | <0.01 |
miR−6904−5p | UCCUGGGGUUAGAGUUGAGUGG | −194.5 | <0.01 |
miR−122−5p | UGGAGUGUGACAAUGGUGUUUG | −183.2 | <0.01 |
miR−7682−3p | CCUGUGGGUUGGGUUGGCUUU | −164.8 | <0.01 |
miR−129b−5p | GCUUUUUGGGGUAAGGGCUUCC | −134.9 | <0.01 |
miR−190b−5p | UGAUAUGUUUGAUAUUGGGUUG | −107.9 | <0.01 |
miR−504−3p | AGGGAGAGCAGGGCAGGGUUUC | −104.0 | <0.01 |
miR−363−3p | AAUUGCACGGUAUCCAUCUGUA | −89.6 | <0.01 |
miR−7218−5p | UGCAGGGUUUAGUGUAGAGGG | −85.3 | <0.01 |
miR−8119 | GACCCTAGCTCCCTC | −70.6 | <0.01 |
miR−7080−5p | CCAAACCCACCTCC | −67.1 | <0.01 |
miR−1927 | TCAGTCCCTAACATCCA | −57.8 | <0.01 |
miR−6990−5p | AGAGCCCTGACTCACC | −56.3 | <0.01 |
miR−7234−3p | CCTTCTACCCTAGAAAGA | −51.7 | <0.01 |
miR−6905−5p | TCATTCAACCCAACCTG | −49.6 | <0.01 |
miR−7055−5p | CCAACTCAGATAACCCA | −46.6 | <0.01 |
miR−190a−3p | AGGAATATGCTTGATATATAGT | −42.8 | <0.01 |
miR−6401 | ACCCGACACCACTG | −42.2 | <0.01 |
miR−7233−5p | CATCTATCTGTCCCTAACT | −41.4 | <0.01 |
miR−7657−5p | TTACCTAACTATCCAACTATT | −36.4 | <0.01 |
miR−3078−3p | CCTAAAGACTACCCCAG | −35.4 | <0.01 |
miR−7664−3p | ATTAGTTAACCCAGCCTAA | −33.4 | <0.01 |
miR−7086−5p | TGCCCAAACCTTTCTC | −33.1 | <0.01 |
miR−6902−3p | CTGAACCCACACATCA | −32.7 | <0.01 |
miR−188−3p | TGCAAACCCTGCATGTG | −31.2 | <0.01 |
miR−7028−5p | CTCCTGACCCAAGC | −27.7 | <0.01 |
miR−6481 | CATCTAAGCATTTTCAGTG | −25.8 | <0.01 |
miR−302c−5p | GCAGGTAACCCCAT | −24.6 | <0.01 |
miR−6980−5p | CTAACCTAGCCTCCCC | −24.2 | <0.01 |
miR−467b−3p | GTGTTGGTGTGTGTAT | −23.8 | <0.01 |
miR−7219−3p | AGTGTGTTAGAAACCCG | −21.1 | <0.01 |
miR−194−2−3p | CAGATAACAGCAGCCC | −19.6 | <0.01 |
miR−7074−5p | ACTGGAGCCCTAGCC | −19.0 | <0.01 |
miR−6998−5p | AGTCACTTTGCCCTCT | −18.2 | <0.01 |
miR−874−5p | CTTACCCTGGTGCG | −17.4 | <0.01 |
miR−6923−5p | ACACCCCAATCCTCC | −16.4 | <0.01 |
miR−327 | ATCCTCATGCCCCT | −15.7 | <0.01 |
miR−1188−3p | GCAGGGTGTGGTGG | −15.7 | <0.01 |
miR−3070−2−3p | TCTACCCCTGACCATAG | −14.9 | <0.01 |
miR−101a−5p | GCATCAGCACTGTGAT | −10.9 | <0.01 |
miR−3070−3p | TCTACCCCTGACGGT | −10.5 | <0.01 |
miR−6926−5p | TCACCATCCCTCACC | −8.8 | <0.01 |
miR−6981−5p | GCCTTCAGCCTCTTC | −8.6 | <0.01 |
miR−3063−3p | GGCGAGAGATCAGGA | −8.6 | <0.01 |
miR−6236 | CCTGACTGCCGGC | −7.2 | <0.01 |
miR−30c−1−3p | GGAGTAAACAACCCTCTCC | −6.0 | <0.01 |
miR−883b−5p | TGACTGCTACCCATT | −5.6 | <0.01 |
miR−26b−3p | GAGCCAAGTAATGGAGAACA | −5.3 | <0.01 |
miR−744−3p | AGGTTGAGGTTAGTGGCA | −5.1 | <0.01 |
miR−6988−5p | TGGGCCTCAGCTCT | −4.9 | <0.01 |
miR−376b−3p | AAGTGGATGTTCCTCTAT | −4.3 | <0.01 |
miR−6393 | ACTCAGTGTGCTTCGT | −4.1 | <0.01 |
miR−7094b−2−5p | TCAGACCCTGTATCCTC | −3.9 | <0.01 |
miR−7056−5p | AACCTCTCTGTCCTCC | −3.9 | <0.01 |
miR−6971−5p | AGCCTCTACACCCTCC | −3.9 | <0.01 |
miR−497b | CCACGTCCAAACCA | −3.9 | <0.01 |
miR−874−3p | TCGGTCCCTCGGG | −3.6 | <0.01 |
miR−192−3p | CTGTGACCTATGGAATTG | −3.5 | <0.01 |
miR−873b | GTGTGCATTTGCAGGA | −3.5 | <0.01 |
miR−7075−5p | AAAACCATGTCCTCCTC | −3.4 | <0.01 |
miR−703 | TTCTTTCCTTCTGAAGGTT | −3.3 | <0.01 |
miR−193a−5p | TCATCTTGCCCGCA | −3.3 | <0.01 |
miR−7670−5p | TTCCCAATCTGCCCA | −3.2 | <0.01 |
miR−8094 | TCTTCTCGTTGTCCTTC | −3.2 | <0.01 |
miR−144−5p | ACTTACAGTATATGATGATATCC | −3.2 | <0.01 |
miR−669c−3p | TTTACTTGTGTGTGTGTG | −3.0 | <0.01 |
miR−193a−3p | ACTGGGACTTTGTAGGC | −3.0 | <0.01 |
miR−190a−5p | ACCTAATATATCAAACATATCA | −3.0 | <0.01 |
miR−30e−5p | CTTCCAGTCAAGGATGT | −2.9 | <0.01 |
miR−302c−3p | CCACTGAAACATGGAAGCAC | −2.8 | <0.01 |
miR−192−5p | GGCTGTCAATTCATAGGTC | −2.7 | <0.01 |
miR−30e−3p | GCTGTAAACATCCGACTG | −2.7 | <0.01 |
miR−681 | AGCTGCCTGCCAG | −2.6 | <0.01 |
miR−376c−3p | ACGTGAAATTTCCTCTATGTT | −2.6 | <0.01 |
miR−466g | TGTGTGTGCATGTGTC | −2.6 | <0.01 |
miR−30c−5p | GCTGAGAGTGTAGGATGT | −2.6 | <0.01 |
miR−194−5p | TCCACATGGAGTTGCT | −2.6 | <0.01 |
miR−802−5p | AAGGATGAATCTTTGTTACTGA | −2.6 | <0.01 |
miR−365−3p | ATAAGGATTTTTAGGGGCATTA | −2.5 | <0.01 |
miR−378a−5p | ACACAGGACCTGGAGTCA | −2.5 | <0.01 |
miR−7211−5p | GGTGGAGTGGCAGA | −2.5 | <0.01 |
miR−5113 | ACAGGATCTCTCTCCTC | −2.5 | <0.01 |
miR−378b | TCTTCTGACTCCAAGTC | −2.5 | <0.01 |
miR−29c−5p | GAACACCAGGAGAAATCGGTC | −2.4 | <0.01 |
miR−378d | ACCTTCTGACTCCAAGG | −2.4 | <0.01 |
miR−185−5p | TCAGGAACTGCCTTTCT | −2.4 | <0.01 |
miR−378a−3p | CCTTCTGACTCCAA | −2.4 | <0.01 |
miR−7219−5p | TCTCAACCCTGAGCTC | −2.3 | <0.01 |
miR−29c−3p | TAACCGATTTCAAATGGTGCTA | −2.3 | <0.01 |
miR−378c | GCTTCTGACTCCAAGT | −2.3 | <0.01 |
miR−3473b | CTGAGCCATCTCTCCA | −2.3 | <0.01 |
miR−30a−3p | GCTGCAAACATCCGACT | −2.3 | <0.01 |
miR−let−7f−1−3p | GGGAAGGCAATAGATTGTAT | −2.3 | <0.01 |
miR−203−3p | CTAGTGGTCCTAAACATT | −2.3 | <0.01 |
miR−101c | TCAGTTATCACAGTACTGT | −2.2 | <0.01 |
miR−129−1−3p | ATACTTTTTGGGGTAAGGG | −2.2 | <0.01 |
miR−144−3p | AGTACATCATCTATACTGTA | −2.2 | <0.01 |
miR−455−5p | CGATGTAGTCCAAAGGCA | −2.2 | <0.01 |
miR−451a | AACTCAGTAATGGTAACGGTTT | −2.2 | <0.01 |
miR−3095−3p | AAAAGCTCTCTCTCCAGT | −2.2 | <0.01 |
miR−690 | TTTGGTTGTGAGCCTA | −2.2 | <0.01 |
miR−455−3p | GTGTATATGCCCGTGG | −2.1 | <0.01 |
miR−466q | ACGTATGTGTGTGTGTG | −2.1 | <0.01 |
miR−3099−3p | TCCCCAACCTCTCTC | −2.1 | <0.01 |
miR−760−3p | TCCCCACAGACCCA | −2.1 | <0.01 |
miR−3473a | TGCTGAGCCATCTCTC | −2.1 | <0.01 |
miR−30a−5p | CTTCCAGTCGAGGATGT | −2.1 | <0.01 |
miR−29b−1−5p | TAAACCACCATATGAAACCAGC | −2.1 | <0.01 |
miR−664−5p | CCAGTCATTTTCCCCA | −2.0 | <0.01 |
miR−30c−2−3p | AGAGTAAACAGCCTTCTCC | −2.0 | <0.01 |
miR−33−5p | TGCAATGCAACTACAATGCAC | −2.0 | <0.01 |
miR−295−5p | GAAGTGTGCCCCAC | −2.0 | <0.01 |
Target | Authors | Country | Year | Patients and Number | Results and Findings | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SOD2 | Möllsten et al. | Sweden | 2009 | Type I DM patients (n = 411) | Genetic SOD2 polymorphisms were associated with the development of DM nephropathy caused by type Ⅰ DM. | [51] |
SOD2 | Prunotto et al. | Italy | 2010 | MN patient (n = 24) | Anti-SOD2 antibodies were specifically detected in the serum of primary MN patients. Anti-SOD2 antibodies were deposited in the glomerular podocytes of MN patients. | [52] |
SOD2 | Olsson et al. | Sweden | 2011 | CKD patients (n = 30) | Neutrophils from CKD patients were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. SOD2 gene expression was decreased in the neutrophils of CKD patients but not controls. | [53] |
SOD2 | Zaza et al. | Italy | 2013 | PD patients (n = 15) | Plasma malondialdehyde (an oxidative marker) levels were higher in PD patients compared with controls, leading to increased SOD2 gene expression. | [54] |
SOD2 | Mohammedi et al | France | 2014 | Type Ⅰ DM patients (n = 1285) | SOD2 gene mutations were associated with the onset and progression of DM nephropathy, plasma advanced oxidation protein product (an oxidative marker) concentrations, and antioxidant activity in type Ⅰ DM patients. | [55] |
SOD2 | Krueger et al. | Denmark Germany | 2016 | CKD patients (n = 120) HD patients (n = 81) | SOD2 protein levels in monocytes decreased as the CKD stage progressed. After HD induction, SOD2 protein levels began to increase. | [56] |
SOD2 | Jerotic et al. | Serbia. | 2019 | HD patients (n = 256) | Genetic SOD2 polymorphisms were associated with risk of end-stage renal disease. | [57] |
SOD2 | Corredor et al. | Spain | 2020 | CKD patients (n = 548) | Genetic SOD2 polymorphisms were associated with the erythropoietin resistance of renal anemia. | [58] |
LC3 | Miyazaki et al. | Japan | 2014 | IgAN patients (n = 48) | In IgAN patients, prorenin receptor expression was an autophagy (LC3)-mediated compensatory response to IgAN progression. | [59] |
LC3 | Xiong et al. | USA | 2019 | DM nephropathy patients (n = 12) | LC3 protein obtained from urinary stem cells in DM nephropathy patients was decreased compared with the control group. | [60] |
LC3 | Liu et al. | China | 2019 | DM nephropathy patients (n = 11) | Podocytes of DM nephropathy patients had more LC3 positive puncta compared with the control group. | [61] |
LC3 | Ogawa-Akiyama et al. | Japan | 2020 | MCNS patients (n = 41) MN patients (n = 37) | LC3 was localized to glomerular podocytes, suggesting autophagy mainly occurred in the glomerular podocytes of MCNS patients. | [62] |
LC3 | da Silva et al. | Brazil | 2020 | FSGS patients (n = 22) MCNS patients (n = 27) | LC3-positive glomerular podocytes were denser in MCNS patients than in FSGS patients. | [63] |
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Share and Cite
Kaneko, S.; Yanai, K.; Ishii, H.; Aomatsu, A.; Hirai, K.; Ookawara, S.; Ishibashi, K.; Morishita, Y. miR−122−5p Regulates Renal Fibrosis In Vivo. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 15423. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315423
Kaneko S, Yanai K, Ishii H, Aomatsu A, Hirai K, Ookawara S, Ishibashi K, Morishita Y. miR−122−5p Regulates Renal Fibrosis In Vivo. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(23):15423. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315423
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaneko, Shohei, Katsunori Yanai, Hiroki Ishii, Akinori Aomatsu, Keiji Hirai, Susumu Ookawara, Kenichi Ishibashi, and Yoshiyuki Morishita. 2022. "miR−122−5p Regulates Renal Fibrosis In Vivo" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23: 15423. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315423