Cucurbitacin B-, E-, and I-Induced Browning of White Adipocytes Is Promoted by the Inhibition of Phospholipase D2
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effect of Cu B, Cu E, and Cu I on Nile Red-O Staining Activity and Cell Viability
2.2. Effect of Cu B, Cu E, and Cu I on Formation of Smaller Lipid Droplets
2.3. Effect of Cu B, Cu E, and Cu I on Expression Levels of Brown- and Beige-Fat Specific Marker Genes
2.4. Effect of Cu B, Cu E, and Cu I on Mitochondrial Biogenesis
2.5. Effect of Adipocyte Browning of Cu B, Cu E, and Cu I through PLD2 Inhibition or Knockdown
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Reagents and Antibodies
4.2. Pre- and Mature Adipocyte Culture and Treatment
4.3. Cell Viability of Pre- and Mature Adipocytes
4.4. qRT-PCR (Quantitative Real-Time PCR)
4.5. Protein Preparation and Western Blotting Analysis
4.6. Evaluation of Lipid Droplets Using Nile-Red Staining
4.7. Immunofluorescence
4.8. Mitochondrial Staining and Quantification
4.9. Short Interfering RNA (siRNA) and Transfection
4.10. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Park, S.Y.; Kang, H.M.; Oh, J.-W.; Choi, Y.-W.; Park, G. Cucurbitacin B-, E-, and I-Induced Browning of White Adipocytes Is Promoted by the Inhibition of Phospholipase D2. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 15362. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315362
Park SY, Kang HM, Oh J-W, Choi Y-W, Park G. Cucurbitacin B-, E-, and I-Induced Browning of White Adipocytes Is Promoted by the Inhibition of Phospholipase D2. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(23):15362. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315362
Chicago/Turabian StylePark, Sun Young, Hye Mi Kang, Jin-Woo Oh, Young-Whan Choi, and Geuntae Park. 2022. "Cucurbitacin B-, E-, and I-Induced Browning of White Adipocytes Is Promoted by the Inhibition of Phospholipase D2" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23: 15362. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315362