Transient Retention of Photoreceptor Outer Segments in Matrigel-Embedded Retinal Organoids
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Loss of Photoreceptor OSs during Retinal Organoid Processing
2.2. RPE Cells as a Byproduct during RO Differentiation
2.3. Testing of Multiple bRPE-RO Coculture Techniques
2.4. RO Embedding Improves OS Retention
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Sampling of Biomaterials, iPSC Reprogramming and Maintenance
4.2. Differentiation and Characterization of RO and bRPE
4.3. RNA Isolation and Reverse Transcription
4.4. qRT-PCR
4.5. Immunocytochemistry
4.6. Photoreceptor OS Phagocytosis Assay
4.7. bRPE and RO Coculture Techniques
- (1)
- bRPE cells were dissociated with TrypLETM Select and suspended in maintenance medium without nicotinamide [20]. The bRPE were counted using a CASY® Cell Counter and Analyzer (Innovatis Roche AG, Bielefeld, Germany). One RO and 100,000 bRPE cells were added to one well of a Costar® Ultra-Low Attachment 96-Well Plate with round bottoms (Corning). Co-cultures were imaged after 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days using a Nikon Eclipse TE2 microscope. After 14 days, the co-cultures were cryosectioned and immunostained as described previously.
- (2)
- Co-culture was performed as described in (1) and treated with the following additives, which were applied when the bRPE were introduced to the RO. Co-cultures were treated with ApInh: 5 µM Blebbistatin (Cayman Chemical, Michigan, USA) or with PrECM: 5 µL/mL Fibronectin (Life Technologies), 47.5 µg/mL Laminin (Cayman Chemical), and 16.6 µL/mL vitronectin (kindly provided by Fabiola Biasella University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany and purified according to [42]). The PrECM components were chosen based on Ref. [43]. The co-cultures were harvested after 48 h, cryosectioned and immunostained as described previously.
- (3)
- For the co-culture with bRPE suspended in pure Matrigel GFR, 500,000 bRPE were dissociated using TrypLETM Select and suspended in 10 µL cold Matrigel GFR (based on ref [44]). The RO was transferred to sterile Bemis™ Parafilm™ M Laboratory Wrapping Film molds (Fisher Scientific GmbH), embedded in the bRPE–Matrigel GFR mixture and incubated for 20 min at 37 °C. After 20 min 10 µL cold Matrigel GFR was added, and the cultures were incubated at 37 °C for 10 min. ROs were harvested after 4 h, 24 h, 48 h, or 1 week. Control ROs were not embedded in the bRPE–Matrigel mixture.
- (4)
- Co-culturing was conducted as described in (1) and incubated for 48 h. Brightfield images were taken using a Nikon Eclipse TE2 microscope. The co-culture was transferred to sterile Bemis™ Parafilm™ M Laboratory Wrapping Film molds, embedded in the Matrigel GFR mixture and incubated for 30 min at 37 °C. After embedding, brightfield images were taken using a Nikon Eclipse TE2 microscope.
- (5)
- For the co-cultures on Transwell filter inserts, bRPE were cultured as described previously. The ROs were gently added to the Transwell filter inserts and incubated for at least 2 days. The ROs spontaneously detached from the inserts while handling, during medium changes, and/or during fixation in 4% PFA. After detachment, the Transwell filter inserts were immunostained to analyze OS uptake by the bRPE.
- (6)
- Optionally, 200 µL Matrigel GFR (Corning, New York, USA) or 200 µL hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel HyStem®-C (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA) was added after plating the ROs on the bRPE lawn (based on ref. [32]).
4.8. Quantification of bRPE Coverage
4.9. Interaction Analysis of bRPE-RO Cocultures
4.10. Matrigel Embedding and Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Berber, P.; Bondarenko, S.; Michaelis, L.; Weber, B.H.F. Transient Retention of Photoreceptor Outer Segments in Matrigel-Embedded Retinal Organoids. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 14893. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314893
Berber P, Bondarenko S, Michaelis L, Weber BHF. Transient Retention of Photoreceptor Outer Segments in Matrigel-Embedded Retinal Organoids. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(23):14893. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314893
Chicago/Turabian StyleBerber, Patricia, Sofiia Bondarenko, Lisa Michaelis, and Bernhard Heinrich Friedrich Weber. 2022. "Transient Retention of Photoreceptor Outer Segments in Matrigel-Embedded Retinal Organoids" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23: 14893. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314893