β-Caryophyllene Ameliorates 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis through the Downregulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/EGR1/TSLP Signaling Axis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. β-Caryophyllene (BCP) Alleviated 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-like Skin Lesions in BALB/c Mice
2.2. Topical Application of BCP Inhibits DNCB-Induced Infiltration of Inflammatory Cells in AD-like Skin Lesions
2.3. IL-4-Induced TSLP Expression Is Attenuated by BCP at the mRNA Level in HaCaT Keratinocytes
2.4. Chrysin EGR1 Is Involved in the BCP-Induced Suppression of TSLP Expression Evoked by IL-4
2.5. Role of MAPK Pathways in IL-4-Induced EGR1 Expression
2.6. BCP Inhibits All Three MAPKs Activated by IL-4
2.7. The Topical Application of BCP Inhibits EGR1 and TSLP Expression Induced by IL-4 in AD-like Skin Lesions In Vivo
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Induction of Atopic Dermatitis-like Skin Inflammation on the Dorsal Skin of Mice
4.3. Histological Analysis
4.4. Cells
4.5. Reverse Transcription-PCR (RT-PCR)
4.6. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (Q-PCR)
4.7. TSLP Promoter-Reporter Assay
4.8. Immunoblot Analysis
4.9. Immunofluorescence Staining
4.10. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AD | atopic dermatitis |
BCP | β-caryophyllene |
CB | cannabinoid receptor |
DNCB | 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene |
EGR1 | early growth response 1 |
ERK | extracellular signal-regulated kinases |
GAPDH | glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
H&E | hematoxylin and eosin |
IL | interleukin |
JNK | c-Jun N-terminal kinase |
MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinases |
Q-PCR | quantitative real-time PCR |
RT-PCR | reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction |
TB | toluidine blue |
Th2 | T helper cell 2 |
TNFα | tumor necrosis factor-alpha |
TSLP | thymic stromal lymphopoietin |
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Ahn, S.S.; Yeo, H.; Jung, E.; Ou, S.; Lee, Y.H.; Lim, Y.; Shin, S.Y. β-Caryophyllene Ameliorates 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis through the Downregulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/EGR1/TSLP Signaling Axis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 14861. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314861
Ahn SS, Yeo H, Jung E, Ou S, Lee YH, Lim Y, Shin SY. β-Caryophyllene Ameliorates 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis through the Downregulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/EGR1/TSLP Signaling Axis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(23):14861. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314861
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhn, Sung Shin, Hyunjin Yeo, Euitaek Jung, Sukjin Ou, Young Han Lee, Yoongho Lim, and Soon Young Shin. 2022. "β-Caryophyllene Ameliorates 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis through the Downregulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/EGR1/TSLP Signaling Axis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23: 14861. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314861