Chlamydial Infection-Dependent Synthesis of Sphingomyelin as a Novel Anti-Chlamydial Target of Ceramide Mimetic Compounds
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Repression of C. trachomatis Proliferation in HeLa Cells by CERT Inhibitors
2.2. Repression of C. trachomatis Proliferation by HPA-12 Isomers Which Lack CERT Inhibitory Activity
2.3. (1R,3R)-HPA-12 Inhibited the Redistribution of a Fluorescence-Labeled Ceramide in the Inclusions
2.4. (1R,3R)-HPA-12 Is an Inhibitor of cidSM-Synthesis
2.5. The Anti-Chlamydial Effect of (1R,3R)-HPA-12 Is Partially Correlated with Inhibition of cidSM-Synthesis
2.6. Phospholcholine-Conjugated (1R,3R)-HPA-12, Produced by the cidSM-Synthesis Pathway, Is Related to Anti-Chlamydial Activity
2.7. Retardation of RB-to-EB Maturation Induced by (1R,3R)-HPA-12 Treatment
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Cell Culture and Propagation of C. trachomatis
4.3. Plasmids
4.4. Primary Inclusion Formation Assay
4.5. Progeny Formation Assay
4.6. Cell Growth Assay
4.7. SMS Assay
4.8. Metabolic Labeling and Live-Cell Imaging with C6-NBD-Ceramide
4.9. Metabolic Labeling with [14C]Serine
4.10. LC-MS Analysis
4.11. TEM Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Kumagai, K.; Sakai, S.; Ueno, M.; Kataoka, M.; Kobayashi, S.; Hanada, K. Chlamydial Infection-Dependent Synthesis of Sphingomyelin as a Novel Anti-Chlamydial Target of Ceramide Mimetic Compounds. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 14697. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314697
Kumagai K, Sakai S, Ueno M, Kataoka M, Kobayashi S, Hanada K. Chlamydial Infection-Dependent Synthesis of Sphingomyelin as a Novel Anti-Chlamydial Target of Ceramide Mimetic Compounds. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(23):14697. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314697
Chicago/Turabian StyleKumagai, Keigo, Shota Sakai, Masaharu Ueno, Michiyo Kataoka, Shu Kobayashi, and Kentaro Hanada. 2022. "Chlamydial Infection-Dependent Synthesis of Sphingomyelin as a Novel Anti-Chlamydial Target of Ceramide Mimetic Compounds" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23: 14697. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314697