Regulation of Circadian Genes Nr1d1 and Nr1d2 in Sex-Different Manners during Liver Aging
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Age- and Sex-Related Changes in Gene Expression in Rat Liver
2.2. Biological Functions of Genes Whose Expression Was Changed According to Age and Sex in Rat Livers, as Detected by GO Enrichment Analysis
2.3. Biological Pathways of Genes Whose Expression Was Changed According to Age and Sex in Rat Liver, as Detected by KEGG Enrichment Analysis
2.4. Gene Expression of Circadian Genes That Were Differentially Expressed According to Age and Sex in Rat Livers, as Detected by Transcriptomic Analysis
2.5. Gene Expression of Circadian Genes That Were Differentially Expressed According to Age and Sex in Rat Livers, as Determined via qRT-PCR and Western Blotting
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals
4.2. RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)
4.3. Differential Expressed Gene (DEG) Analysis
4.4. Enrichment Analysis of the DEGs
4.5. Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR)
4.6. Cytosolic Protein Extraction from Liver Tissues
4.7. Western Blotting
4.8. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dataset | Up | Down |
---|---|---|
OM vs. YM | Natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, Hematopoietic cell lineage, Rheumatoid arthritis, Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, Antigen processing and presentation, Asthma, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, Cytokine—cytokine receptor interaction, Leukocyte transendothelial migration, Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), B cell receptor signaling pathway, Type I diabetes mellitus, T cell receptor signaling pathway, Retinol metabolism, Primary immunodeficiency, Central carbon metabolism in cancer | Steroid hormone biosynthesis, Metabolic pathways, Retinol metabolism, Linoleic acid metabolism, Drug metabolism—other enzymes, Circadian rhythm |
OF vs. YF | Maturity onset diabetes of the young, CAMs, Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, Metabolic pathways | Drug metabolism—cytochrome P450, Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, Glutathione metabolism, Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, Metabolic pathways, Pentose and glucuronate interconversions, Circadian rhythm, Steroid hormone biosynthesis, Galactose metabolism, Retinol metabolism, Fructose and mannose metabolism, Tyrosine metabolism |
OM vs. OF | Natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, CAMs, Rheumatoid arthritis, Leukocyte transendothelial migration, Hematopoietic cell lineage, Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, T cell receptor signaling pathway, Primary immunodeficiency, Antigen processing and presentation, Intestinal immune network for IgA production, Asthma, Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), B cell receptor signaling pathway | Retinol metabolism, Circadian rhythm, Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, Fatty acid elongation, Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, Metabolic pathways, Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, Drug metabolism—cytochrome P450, Steroid hormone biosynthesis, Drug metabolism—other enzymes, Histidine metabolism, Pentose and glucuronate interconversions, PPAR signaling pathway |
YM vs. YF | Steroid hormone biosynthesis, Metabolic pathways, PPAR signaling pathway, Choline metabolism in cancer | Drug metabolism—cytochrome P450, Steroid hormone biosynthesis, Retinol metabolism, Butanoate metabolism, Metabolic pathways, Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, Drug metabolism—other enzymes, Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, Fatty acid elongation |
Gene | FC (OM vs. YM) | FC (OF vs. YF) | FC (OM vs. OF) |
---|---|---|---|
Nr1d1 | 6.680703355 | −2.056227653 | 3.680750602 |
Nr1d2 | 2.602683711 | −2.345669898 | 1.607701981 |
Arntl (or Bmal1) | −2.114036081 | 3.972369982 | −1.969732886 |
Clock (or Npas2) | −1.859609885 | 29.65081798 | −2.602683711 |
Cry1 | −3.226567037 | 1.155886707 | −2.411615655 |
Cry2 | −1.209994089 | −1.317679952 | −1.112650121 |
Per1 | −1.441928871 | −1.009471374 | −1.783857039 |
Per2 | −2.042024251 | −2.02791896 | −1.822602561 |
Rora | −2.789487333 | 1.340712592 | −2.462288827 |
Rorc | −1.821339667 | 1.134455485 | −1.876442393 |
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Noh, S.G.; Jung, H.J.; Kim, S.; Arulkumar, R.; Kim, D.H.; Park, D.; Chung, H.Y. Regulation of Circadian Genes Nr1d1 and Nr1d2 in Sex-Different Manners during Liver Aging. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 10032. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710032
Noh SG, Jung HJ, Kim S, Arulkumar R, Kim DH, Park D, Chung HY. Regulation of Circadian Genes Nr1d1 and Nr1d2 in Sex-Different Manners during Liver Aging. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(17):10032. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710032
Chicago/Turabian StyleNoh, Sang Gyun, Hee Jin Jung, Seungwoo Kim, Radha Arulkumar, Dae Hyun Kim, Daeui Park, and Hae Young Chung. 2022. "Regulation of Circadian Genes Nr1d1 and Nr1d2 in Sex-Different Manners during Liver Aging" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 17: 10032. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710032