Candida Worsens Klebsiella pneumoniae Induced-Sepsis in a Mouse Model with Low Dose Dextran Sulfate Solution through Gut Dysbiosis and Enhanced Inflammation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Candida Administration Worsened Disease Severity in K. pneumoniae-Administered DSS Mice Partly through Gut Barrier Defect and Systemic Inflammation
2.2. Candida Slightly Altered Gut Dysbiosis in Klebsiella-Administered DSS Mice
2.3. Molecules of Candida Induced Inflammation against Enterocytes, Hepatocytes, and Macrophages
3. Discussion
3.1. Candida Enhanced Inflammation in Klebsiella-Administered DSS Mice Mainly through the Activations by Microbial Molecules Rather than Gut Dysbiosis
3.2. Candida Enhanced Hyper-Inflammation in the Intestines, Livers, and Macrophages of Klebsiella-Administered DSS Mice
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals and Animal Models
4.1.1. Gut Permeability Determination
4.1.2. Serum and Histological Analyses
4.1.3. Fecal Microbiome Analysis
4.2. The In Vitro Experiments
4.3. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Target | Primer Sequence | |
---|---|---|
Forward | Reverse | |
IL-8 | 5′-ACACTGCGCCAACACAGAAATTA-3′ | 5′-TTTGCTTGAAGTTTCACTGGCATC-3′ |
TNF-α | 5′-CTCTTCTGCCTGCTGCACTTTG-3′ | 5′-ATGGGCTACAGGCTTGTCACTC-3′ |
IL-6 | 5′-ATGAACTCCTTCTCCACAAGC-3′ | 5′-GTTTTCTGCCAGTGCCTCTTTG-3′ |
IL-10 | 5′-TCTCCGAGATGCCTTCAGCAGA-3′ | 5′-TCAGACAAGGCTTGGCAACCCA-3′ |
NF-κB | 5′-ATGGCTTCTATGAGGCTGAG-3′ | 5′-GTTGTTGTTGGTCTGGATGC-3′ |
Occludin | 5′-CCAATGTCGAGGAGTGGG-3′ | 5′-CGCTGCTGTAACGAGGCT-3′ |
MUC2 | 5′-CCTGCCGACACCTGCTGCAA-3′ | 5′-ACACCAGTAGAAGGGACAGCACCT-3′ |
bcl-2 | 5′-GGTGCCACCTGTGGTCCACCT-3′ | 5′-CTTCACTTGTGGCCCAGATAGG-3′ |
Casp8 | 5′-TTTCTGCCTACAGGGTCATGC-3′ | 5′-TGTCCAACTTTCCTTCTCCCA-3′ |
Casp9 | 5′-CTCAGACCAGAGATTCGCAAAC-3′ | 5′-GCATTTCCCCTCAAACTCTCAA-3′ |
NOS2 | 5′-CAGCGGGATGACTTTCCAAG-3′ | 5′-AGGCAAGATTTGGACCTGCA-3′ |
GAPDH | 5′-GCACCGTCAAGGCTGAGAAC-3′ | 5′-ATGGTGGTGAAGACGCCAGT-3′ |
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Panpetch, W.; Phuengmaung, P.; Hiengrach, P.; Issara-Amphorn, J.; Cheibchalard, T.; Somboonna, N.; Tumwasorn, S.; Leelahavanichkul, A. Candida Worsens Klebsiella pneumoniae Induced-Sepsis in a Mouse Model with Low Dose Dextran Sulfate Solution through Gut Dysbiosis and Enhanced Inflammation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 7050. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137050
Panpetch W, Phuengmaung P, Hiengrach P, Issara-Amphorn J, Cheibchalard T, Somboonna N, Tumwasorn S, Leelahavanichkul A. Candida Worsens Klebsiella pneumoniae Induced-Sepsis in a Mouse Model with Low Dose Dextran Sulfate Solution through Gut Dysbiosis and Enhanced Inflammation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(13):7050. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137050
Chicago/Turabian StylePanpetch, Wimonrat, Pornpimol Phuengmaung, Pratsanee Hiengrach, Jiraphorn Issara-Amphorn, Thanya Cheibchalard, Naraporn Somboonna, Somying Tumwasorn, and Asada Leelahavanichkul. 2022. "Candida Worsens Klebsiella pneumoniae Induced-Sepsis in a Mouse Model with Low Dose Dextran Sulfate Solution through Gut Dysbiosis and Enhanced Inflammation" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 13: 7050. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137050