Interactions between Macrophages and Mast Cells in the Female Reproductive System
Abstract
:1. Development and Tissue Distribution
2. General Biological Functions
3. Physiological Role in Omentum
3.1. Peritoneum
3.2. Uterus
3.2.1. Proliferative Phase
Phase | Cell | Molecules/Status | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Proliferative | uMϕ | TNF-α; IL-1β; IL-10; IL-1RA; VEGF; FGF2; PDFG; phagocytosis; CD69; CD71; CD54 | [69,70,71] |
Proliferative | uMC | Steady state | [68] |
Secretory | uMϕ | IL-11; activin; CD163 (70%) | [71,74,75,76] |
Mid-late secretory | uMC | Tryptase; chymase; TNF-α; histamine; heparin | [68] |
Menstrual repair | uMϕ | TNF-α; MMP-9; MMP-12; MMP-14 Phagocytosis; TIMP; VEGF | [64,77,78] [78] |
Menstrual | mMC | Tryptase; chymase | [68] |
3.2.2. Secretory Phase
3.2.3. Menstrual Phase
3.2.4. The Pregnant Uterus
3.3. Placenta
4. Inflammatory Roles in the Omentum
4.1. Peritoneum
4.2. Uterus
4.2.1. Endometriosis
4.2.2. Preeclampsia
5. Conclusions
6. Final Remarks
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Receptor | Ligand | Expression | Function |
---|---|---|---|
TLR2 | Bacterial, viral, fungal and parasites lipids, proteins, polysaccharides | MC and M1 M2 | Pro-inflammatory cytokines production, degranulation [28,29,30], IL-10, 15-LO [30] |
TLR4 | Bacterial and viral proteins | MC and M1 M2 | Pro-inflammatory cytokines production, degranulation [25,31,32,33,34], IL-10, 15-LO, 15-HETE lipoxins [34] |
FcεRI | Allergens | MC | Allergic reaction [13,17,35] |
CD14 | Endotoxin receptor | Mɸ | Pro-inflammatory cytokine production [36,37] |
F4/80 | Marker mouse | Mɸ | Differentiation, induction of CD8+ T regulatory cells [10] |
c-KIT | SCF | MCs | Migration, differentiation, and survival [12,13,21] |
NK-R1 | Substance P | Mɸ | Pro-inflammatory cytokines, NO, ROS, production. Induction of COX-2 activity [38] |
MRGPR | Substance P | MC | Pro-inflammatory cytokine production, histamine and protease release [23] |
Time | Phenotype | Function | Production | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-implantation/human, mouse | M1 | ECM digestion, engulf apoptotic cells | MMP-7; MMP-9; Gelatinase | [102,108,111,112] |
Pre-implantation | M2 | Remodeling | VEGF, IGF, Fn1, MMPs | [102] |
Pre-implantation/human, murine | MCs | Remodeling angiogenesis trophoblast growth, syncytium formation | Histamine, chymase, VEGF, Gal-1 | [72,87,107,109,110] |
Implantation | M1 | Favor implantation, vascular remodeling, angiogenesis | TNF-α, VEGF, PDGF, FGF, MMP3, MMP9; IL-1β | [111] |
Implantation/human, mouse | MCC | Vascular remodeling, fetal growth, migration and proliferation of extravillous | MMPs, VEGF, FGF, histamine, tryptase, leptin, cytokines | [63,73,97,110,113] |
Post-implantation | M2 | Maternal–fetal tolerance | IL-10, IL-1β, Il-6, TNF-α; PGE2 | [36,69,99,103,112,114,115] |
Post-implantation | MCTC | Maternal– fetal tolerance | TGF-β IL-10, LIF | [116] |
Early pregnancy | MCTC | Placenta formation | Histamine, Gal-1 | [117] |
Time | Phenotype | Function | Production | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
1st–2nd trimester | M1 | Maternal–fetal tolerance | TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, IFN-γ, IL-18 | [37] |
1st–2nd trimester | M2 | Maternal–fetal tolerance | IL-4, IL-10, VEGF, IGF, FN | [36] |
2nd–3rd trimester | M2 | Maternal–fetal tolerance | VEGF, IL-6, IL-10 | [36] |
End of pregnancy | M1 | Favor labor, remove apoptotic cells | IL-6, IL-10, IL-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ | [36,37,141] |
End of pregnancy | MC | Favor labor | Histamine | [142] |
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Lampiasi, N. Interactions between Macrophages and Mast Cells in the Female Reproductive System. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 5414. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105414
Lampiasi N. Interactions between Macrophages and Mast Cells in the Female Reproductive System. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(10):5414. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105414
Chicago/Turabian StyleLampiasi, Nadia. 2022. "Interactions between Macrophages and Mast Cells in the Female Reproductive System" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10: 5414. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105414