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Volume 22
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Review

Helicobacter pylori Outer Membrane Vesicles and Extracellular Vesicles from Helicobacter pylori-Infected Cells in Gastric Disease Development

by
María Fernanda González
1,2,
Paula Díaz
1,2,
Alejandra Sandoval-Bórquez
1,2,
Daniela Herrera
1,2 and
Andrew F. G. Quest
1,2,3,*
1
Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
2
Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
3
Corporación Centro de Estudios Científicos de las Enfermedades Crónicas (CECEC), Santiago 7680201, Chile
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(9), 4823; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094823
Submission received: 27 February 2021 / Revised: 31 March 2021 / Accepted: 2 April 2021 / Published: 1 May 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Helicobacter: Infection, Diagnosis and Treatment)
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Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived vesicles important in intercellular communication that play an essential role in host-pathogen interactions, spreading pathogen-derived as well as host-derived molecules during infection. Pathogens can induce changes in the composition of EVs derived from the infected cells and use them to manipulate their microenvironment and, for instance, modulate innate and adaptive inflammatory immune responses, both in a stimulatory or suppressive manner. Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide and infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is considered the main risk factor for developing this disease, which is characterized by a strong inflammatory component. EVs released by host cells infected with H. pylori contribute significantly to inflammation, and in doing so promote the development of disease. Additionally, H. pylori liberates vesicles, called outer membrane vesicles (H. pylori-OMVs), which contribute to atrophia and cell transformation in the gastric epithelium. In this review, the participation of both EVs from cells infected with H. pylori and H. pylori-OMVs associated with the development of gastric cancer will be discussed. By deciphering which functions of these external vesicles during H. pylori infection benefit the host or the pathogen, novel treatment strategies may become available to prevent disease.
Keywords: Helicobacter pylori; extracellular vesicles; outer membrane vesicles; virulence factors; inflammation; gastric cancer Helicobacter pylori; extracellular vesicles; outer membrane vesicles; virulence factors; inflammation; gastric cancer

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MDPI and ACS Style

González, M.F.; Díaz, P.; Sandoval-Bórquez, A.; Herrera, D.; Quest, A.F.G. Helicobacter pylori Outer Membrane Vesicles and Extracellular Vesicles from Helicobacter pylori-Infected Cells in Gastric Disease Development. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 4823. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094823

AMA Style

González MF, Díaz P, Sandoval-Bórquez A, Herrera D, Quest AFG. Helicobacter pylori Outer Membrane Vesicles and Extracellular Vesicles from Helicobacter pylori-Infected Cells in Gastric Disease Development. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(9):4823. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094823

Chicago/Turabian Style

González, María Fernanda, Paula Díaz, Alejandra Sandoval-Bórquez, Daniela Herrera, and Andrew F. G. Quest. 2021. "Helicobacter pylori Outer Membrane Vesicles and Extracellular Vesicles from Helicobacter pylori-Infected Cells in Gastric Disease Development" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9: 4823. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094823

APA Style

González, M. F., Díaz, P., Sandoval-Bórquez, A., Herrera, D., & Quest, A. F. G. (2021). Helicobacter pylori Outer Membrane Vesicles and Extracellular Vesicles from Helicobacter pylori-Infected Cells in Gastric Disease Development. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(9), 4823. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094823

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