Genotyping by Sequencing Reveals Genetic Relatedness of Southwestern U.S. Blue Maize Landraces
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Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
2
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8003, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Tsanko S. Gechev
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(7), 3436; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073436
Received: 27 January 2021
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Revised: 18 March 2021
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Accepted: 23 March 2021
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Published: 26 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from International Conference on Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology 2020)
Maize has played a key role in the sustenance and cultural traditions of the inhabitants of the southwestern USA for many centuries. Blue maize is an important component of the diverse landraces still cultivated in the region but the degree to which they are related is unknown. This research was designed to ascertain the genotypic, morphological, and phenotypic diversity of six representative southwestern blue maize landraces. Their genotypic diversity was examined using tunable genotyping-by-sequencing (tGBS™). A total of 81,038 high quality SNPs were identified and obtained through tGBS. A total of 45 morphological and biochemical traits were evaluated at two locations in New Mexico. The varieties Los Lunas High and Flor del Rio were genetically less related with other southwestern landraces whereas diffusion between Navajo Blue, Hopi Blue, Yoeme Blue, and Taos Blue demonstrated that these landraces were genetically related. Phenotypic variability was highest for kernel traits and least for plant traits. Plant, ear, and kernel traits were fairly consistent within and across locations. Principal component analysis and tGBS showed that Corn Belt variety ‘Ohio Blue’ was distinctly different from southwestern landraces. Genotypic analysis displayed that southwestern landraces are genetically closely related, but selection has resulted in differing phenotypes. This study has provided additional insight into the genetic relatedness of southwestern blue maize landraces.
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Keywords:
biodiversity; crop diversity; germplasm conservation; germplasm utilization; blue maize; genotyping-by-sequencing; SNP-Type
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MDPI and ACS Style
Nankar, A.N.; Pratt, R.C. Genotyping by Sequencing Reveals Genetic Relatedness of Southwestern U.S. Blue Maize Landraces. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 3436. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073436
AMA Style
Nankar AN, Pratt RC. Genotyping by Sequencing Reveals Genetic Relatedness of Southwestern U.S. Blue Maize Landraces. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(7):3436. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073436
Chicago/Turabian StyleNankar, Amol N., and Richard C. Pratt. 2021. "Genotyping by Sequencing Reveals Genetic Relatedness of Southwestern U.S. Blue Maize Landraces" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 7: 3436. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073436
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