Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Activation by 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) Dose-Dependently Shifts the Gut Microbiome Consistent with the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. TCDD-Elicited Toxicity Enriched for Lactobacillus Species
2.2. Bile Salt Hydrolase (Bsh) Levels Correlated with Significantly Enriched Species
2.3. TCDD Enriched for Mevalonate-Dependent Isoprenoid Biosynthesis
2.4. Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone) and Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis Pathways in Mouse NAFLD-Phenotypes and Gut Microbiomes of Cirrhosis Patients
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animal Treatment
4.2. Metagenomic Sequencing
4.3. Metagenomic Taxonomic Analysis
4.4. Metagenomic Functional Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fling, R.R.; Zacharewski, T.R. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Activation by 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) Dose-Dependently Shifts the Gut Microbiome Consistent with the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 12431. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212431
Fling RR, Zacharewski TR. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Activation by 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) Dose-Dependently Shifts the Gut Microbiome Consistent with the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(22):12431. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212431
Chicago/Turabian StyleFling, Russell R., and Timothy R. Zacharewski. 2021. "Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Activation by 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) Dose-Dependently Shifts the Gut Microbiome Consistent with the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 22: 12431. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212431