DNA Repair in Haploid Context
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. General Consideration Regarding Ploidy States
3. DNA Repair Systems Comparison between S. cerevisiae and Sc. pombe
3.1. Nucleotide Excision Repair
3.1.1. General Mechanism
3.1.2. NER in Yeast
3.2. Base Excision Repair
3.2.1. General Mechanism
3.2.2. BER in Yeast
3.3. Mismatch Repair
3.3.1. General Mechanism
3.3.2. MMR in Yeast
3.4. Double Strand Breaks (DSBs) Repair Pathways Selection
3.4.1. DSB Regulation in Mammals
3.4.2. DSB Regulation in Yeast
3.5. Homologous Recombination
3.5.1. General Mechanism
3.5.2. HR in Yeast
3.6. Non-Homologous End-Joining
3.6.1. General Mechanism
3.6.2. NHEJ in Yeast
3.7. Single-Strand Annealing
3.7.1. General Mechanism
3.7.2. SSA in Yeast
3.8. Yeast Specific DNA Repair Mechanisms
3.8.1. UV Damage Excision Repair
3.8.2. Photolyases
3.9. Alternative DNA Repair Approaches in Yeast
4. Repair in Human Germ Cells
4.1. Gametes
4.1.1. Spermatozoa
4.1.2. Oocyte
5. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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H. sapiens | S. cerevisiae | S. pombe | Functions | |
---|---|---|---|---|
TC NER | RNA pol II | RNA pol II | RNA pol II | mRNA synthesis |
CSB | Rad 26 | Rhp 26 | Detection of RNA pol II arrest | |
- | Rpd 9 | - | Part of RNA pol II, detection of arrest | |
CSA | Rad 28 | Ckn1 | TC-NER protein hub | |
UVSSA-USP7 | - | - | Ubiquitine ligase | |
GG NER | XPC | Rad4 | rhp41, rhp42 | Scan to detect damages |
Rad23b | Rad23 | Rhp 23 | XPC partner | |
TFIIH | TFIIH | TFIIH | Transcription factor, check for damage | |
XPB | Rad 25 | Ptr 8 | Core units of TFIIH (helicases) | |
XPD | Rad 3 | Rad 15 | ||
XPA | Rad 14 | Rph 14 | TFIIH helicases stimulator | |
ERCCI-XPF | Rad 10 | Swi 10 | Endonuclease complex, cleaves 5′ to damage | |
XPF | Rad 1 | Rad 16 | ||
XPG | Rad 2 | Rad 13 | Endonuclease, cleaves 3′ to damage | |
BER | UNG | Ung 1 | Ung 1 | Uracil DNA Glycosylase (UDG) |
TDG | - | Thp 1 | UDG, T:G, U:G mismatches, 5-fluorouracil, 3,N4-ethanolcytosine, 5-hydroxyuracil, Xanthine, Oxanine, Hypoxanthine DNA glycosylase | |
- | Mag 1 | Mag 1 | Alkylation DNA Glycosylase | |
- | Mag 2 | Mag 2 | ||
OGG 1 | Ogg 1 | - | 8-oxoG, fapy-G, 7,8-dihydro8oxoG DNA Glycosylase | |
NTHL 1 | Ntg1/Ntg2 | Nth 1 | 8-oxoG, 8-hydroxycytosine, thimidineglycol, 8-hydroxyuracil DNA Glycosylase, AP site β lyase | |
MUTYH | - | Myh 1 | Glycosylase of adenine mismatches | |
APE1 | Apn 2 | Apn 2 | AP endonucleases | |
- | Apn 1 | Apn 1 | ||
FEN 1 | Rad 27 | Rad 2 | Structure specific endonuclease, cleaves at ssDNA-dsDNA transition | |
MMR | MutS α | MutS α | MutS α | Mismatch detection |
MutS β | MutS β | MutS β | Long insertion deletion loops detection, involved in recombination | |
MutS γ | MutS γ | MutS γ | Holliday Junction resolvase | |
MutL α | MutL α | MutL α | MutSα and MutSβ interactor, weakly endonuclease | |
MutL β | MutL β | - | ||
MutL γ | MutL γ | - | MutSγ interactor | |
EXO 1 | EXO 1 | EXO 1 | Exonuclease | |
PCNA | PCNA | PCNA | DNA polymerase helicase | |
UVDER | - | - | UVE 1 | UV damage endonucleases |
- | - | UVDE | ||
Photolyase | - | Phr1 | - | CPD specific photolyase |
- | Mgt1 | - | O6-MeG, O4-MeT methyl transferase | |
HR | Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 | Mre11/Rad50/Xrs1 | Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 | MRN/X complex, DNA ends detection, resection initiation |
CtIP | Sae2 | Ctp 1 | Endonuclease | |
RPA | RPA | Rad 11 | Single strand DNA binding protein | |
Rad 52 | Rad 52 | Rad 22 | Displace RPA to form Rad51 filament | |
Rad51 | Rad 51 | Rhp 51 | Globular protein forming filaments for strand invasion | |
NHEJ | Ku 70/80 | YKu 70/80 | PKu 70/80 | DNA ends detection and protection |
DNA-Pkc | - | - | Protein kinase | |
Artemis | - | - | Endonuclease, DNA ends processing | |
XRCC4 | Nej 1 | - | DNA ends bridging by filaments formation | |
XLF | Lif 1 | Xlfl | ||
DNA ligase IV | Dnl 4 | Lig 4 | DNA ends ligation |
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Mourrain, L.; Boissonneault, G. DNA Repair in Haploid Context. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 12418. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212418
Mourrain L, Boissonneault G. DNA Repair in Haploid Context. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(22):12418. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212418
Chicago/Turabian StyleMourrain, Loïs, and Guylain Boissonneault. 2021. "DNA Repair in Haploid Context" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 22: 12418. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212418