Unravel the Local Complexity of Biological Environments by MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Metabolites Associated with Microbial Interactions and Antagonism
3. Spatial Localization of Fungal Metabolites
4. Spatial Localization of Plant Metabolites
5. The Molecular Complexity of Plant–Microbe Interactions
6. Molecular Imaging in Insects, Nematodes, and Worms
7. Animal Tissues as Exemplary for Molecular Imaging: Brain, Testicles, and Kidney
8. Conclusions
Sample | Compartment | Class of Compound | Matrix | Technique | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dried agar slices | Microbial extracellular interface | Siderophores | DHB/CHCA (1:1) | MALDI TOF MSI and ion mobility | [26,30,37] |
Piece of medium placed on MALDI plate | Interface of fungal colonies | Indol alkaloids | DHB and DHB/CHCA (1:1) | MALDI TOF MSI | [34] |
Agar piece placed on MALDI plate | Fungal mycelium | Polyketide | Nanostructured silicon | MALDI TOF MSI on nanosilicone | [25] |
Ant thorax section on ITO slide | Ant exoskeleton: propleural plate | Ergothioneine | DHB | MALDI Orbitrap MSI | [32] |
Agar section on MALDI plate | Microbial extracellular interface | Quinolones rhamnolipids | DHB/CHCA (1:1) | MALDI FT ICR MSI | [40,41] |
Agar section on MALDI plate | Chlamydospores | Cyclo-lipopeptide | DHB/CHCA (1:1) | MALDI MSI | [43] |
Cryosection of sclerotia | Sclerotia | Alkaloids | DHB | MALDI MSI (Synapt G2 with ion mobility) | [44] |
Dried colonies on the slide | Inhibitory zone at the microbial interface | Solanapyrones, disaccharides, isoflavones, and isoflavonoids | DHB | MALDI FT ICR MSI | [46] |
Agar cut on ITO slide | Inhibitory zone | lipopeptaibol | DHB/CHCA (1:1) | MALDI MSI | [48] |
Surface tissue section on MALDI plate | Pea pods | Aromatic compound | DHB | MALDI MSI with ion mobility | [74] |
Leaf imprints on porous PTFE sheet | Rice root | Diterpenoids | Fe3O4 nanoparticles | MALDI MSI | [60] |
Root on MALDI plate with nylon membrane | Root | Organic acids | CHCA | MALDI MSI Synapt G1 | [61] |
Lyophilized root on slide | Rhizosphere | Acyl sugars and steroidal glycoalkaloids | DHB | MALDI FT ICR MSI | [62] |
PVDF membrane with roots on MALDI plate | Rhizosphere interface | Nucleobase, amino acid, and derivatives | DHB | MALDI FT ICR MSI | [63] |
Root-colonized growth on ITO slide | Aerial roots/root biofilm coated | Cyclo-lipopeptides | CHCA | MALDI TOF MSI | [65,66] |
Cryosection of root on ITO slide | Root nodule | Choline derivative, organic acid, and amino acids | Norharmane | 3D MALDI FTICR MSI | [67] |
Cryosection of nodules on plain glass microscope slide | Nodule | Amino acid, triterpenoid, phospholipid, disaccharide, nucleobases, vitamins | DHB and CHCA | AP MALDI MSI Orbitrap | [70,71] |
Tissue covered with aluminum foil and embedded in paraffin. Microtome sections on ITO slide | Stem, leaf | flavonoids | DHB/CHCA (1:1) | MALDI TOF MSI | [75] |
Cryosection of nodules on glass microscope slide | Nodule | Peptide | DHB and CHCA | MALDI Orbitrap MSI | [69] |
Cryosections on ITO slides | Leaf epidermises, vascular bundles, roots, petiole collenchyma, root | Cyclotides | DHB | MALDI TOF MSI | [72] |
Leaf fixed with aluminized tape on MALDI plate | Leaf | Stilbenoid and polyphenol | DHB | MALDI TOF MSI | [73] |
Cryosections | Brain | Neuropeptide and tryptic peptides | CHCA | MALDI TOF MSI | [76,81] |
Cryosections on frosted glass slides | Fly genitals | Pheromones and lipids | DHB | MALDI Orbitrap MSI | [27] |
Cryosection on ITO slides | Hemolymph | Glucosinolate | CHCA | MALDI TOF MSI | [82] |
Cryosections on ITO slides | Worm | Amino acid, sugars, and polyamine | 2-MBT | MALDI TOF MSI | [89] |
Cryosections | Rat brain | Phospholipids, neurotransmitters, nucleotides | DHB, nanostructure initiator, DAN, BNDM, and norharmane | MALDI TOF MSI MALDI Orbitrap MSI MALDI Orbitrap with ozonolysis | [92,93,94,95,100,102] |
Cryosections | Rat testicles | Seminolipids, phospholipids, and steroids | CHCA, DHB, and AA. Derivatization for steroids. | MALDI TOF MSI MALDI FT ICR MSI iMScope QT | [105,106,108,109,110] |
Cryosections | Rat kidney | Phospholipids and small-molecular-weight metabolites | DHB, benzoylpyridine CHCA, and DAN | AP-MALDI Orbitrap MSI MALDI timsTOF MSI MALDI TOF MSI | [112,113,114] |
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sgobba, E.; Daguerre, Y.; Giampà, M. Unravel the Local Complexity of Biological Environments by MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 12393. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212393
Sgobba E, Daguerre Y, Giampà M. Unravel the Local Complexity of Biological Environments by MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(22):12393. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212393
Chicago/Turabian StyleSgobba, Elvira, Yohann Daguerre, and Marco Giampà. 2021. "Unravel the Local Complexity of Biological Environments by MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 22: 12393. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212393