Influence of Zwitterionic CAPB on Flocculation of the Aqueous Cationic Guar Gum/Glauconite Suspensions at Various pH
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Stability Measurement
2.2. Formation of the CGG/CAPB Complexes
2.3. Adsorption and Electrokinetic Measurements
2.4. FT-IR Measurements
2.5. Powder X-ray Diffraction Measurements
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Methods
3.2.1. Stability Measurement
3.2.2. Formation of the CGG/CAPB Complexes
3.2.3. Adsorption Measurements
3.2.4. Electrokinetic Measurements
3.2.5. FT-IR Spectroscopy
3.2.6. Powder X-ray Diffraction Study
4. Conclusions
- Glauconite (GT) can be used as water purifying material.
- CGG is an effective flocculant for glauconite suspensions.
- CAPB increased the CGG adsorption on the glauconite surface but deteriorated flocculation.
- Intermolecular polymer–surfactant complexes between CGG and CAPB were formed.
- pH strongly influences the stabilizing flocculating properties of the GT suspensions.
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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CGG (ppm) | CAPB (%) | GT Removal (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
pH = 3 | pH = 6 | pH = 9 | ||
0 | 0 | 76.2 | 34.7 | 36.0 |
2 | 0 | 96.5 | 68.4 | 71.9 |
20 | 0 | 99.9 | 97.8 | 99.6 |
20 | 0.04 | 9.0 | 98.5 | 99.2 |
200 | 0 | 10.9 | 10.6 | 10.2 |
CGG (ppm) | CAPB (%) | Sediment Layer Thickness (mm) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
pH = 3 | pH = 6 | pH = 9 | ||
0 | 0 | 1.01 | 0.44 | 0.45 |
2 | 0 | 1.19 | 0.77 | 0.65 |
20 | 0 | 1.28 | 1.01 | 1.01 |
20 | 0.04 | - | 1.26 | 1.34 |
GT | GT + CGG | GT + CGG + CAPB | |
---|---|---|---|
BET surface area (m2/g) | 70.73 | 56.06 | 16.53 |
Total pore volume (cm3/g) | 0.1691 | 0.1519 | 0.1015 |
GT (wt. %) | GT/CGG (wt. %) | GT/CGG/CAPB (wt. %) | |
---|---|---|---|
C | 8.81 ± 0.39 | 13.27 ± 0.19 | 17.66 ± 0.79 |
O | 44.1 ± 1.51 | 45.27 ± 0.29 | 45.60 ± 0.49 |
Mg | 1.62 ± 0.05 | 1.45 ± 0.41 | 1.36 ± 0.24 |
Al | 4.81 ± 0.27 | 4.37 ± 1.04 | 3.87 ± 0.69 |
Si | 20.1 ± 0.90 | 16.66 ± 0.32 | 15.07 ± 0.87 |
K | 5.38 ± 0.68 | 4.38 ± 0.70 | 3.37 ± 0.51 |
Ca | 0.42 ± 0.03 | 0.42 ± 0.04 | 0.30 ± 0.05 |
Ti | 0.2 ± 0.07 | 0.12 ± 0.09 | 0.07 ± 0.07 |
Fe | 14.36 ± 1.72 | 11.47 ± 0.58 | 8.64 ± 0.40 |
Na | 0.1 ± 0.04 | 0.08 ± 0.06 | 0.43 ± 0.07 |
N | - | 1.99 ± 0.09 | 2.73 ± 0.22 |
Cl | - | 0.95 ± 0.08 | 1.12 ± 0.60 |
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Godek, E.; Grządka, E.; Maciołek, U.; Bastrzyk, A. Influence of Zwitterionic CAPB on Flocculation of the Aqueous Cationic Guar Gum/Glauconite Suspensions at Various pH. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 12157. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212157
Godek E, Grządka E, Maciołek U, Bastrzyk A. Influence of Zwitterionic CAPB on Flocculation of the Aqueous Cationic Guar Gum/Glauconite Suspensions at Various pH. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(22):12157. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212157
Chicago/Turabian StyleGodek, Ewelina, Elżbieta Grządka, Urszula Maciołek, and Anna Bastrzyk. 2021. "Influence of Zwitterionic CAPB on Flocculation of the Aqueous Cationic Guar Gum/Glauconite Suspensions at Various pH" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 22: 12157. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212157