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Volume 22
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10.3390/ijms22179181
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Review

Enzyme Therapy: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives

by
Miguel de la Fuente
1,2,
Laura Lombardero
1,
Alfonso Gómez-González
3,
Cristina Solari
4,
Iñigo Angulo-Barturen
5,
Arantxa Acera
2,
Elena Vecino
2,
Egoitz Astigarraga
1 and
Gabriel Barreda-Gómez
1,*
1
Department of Research and Development, IMG Pharma Biotech S.L., 48160 Derio, Spain
2
Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
3
Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
4
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
5
The Art of Discovery, 48160 Derio, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(17), 9181; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179181
Submission received: 31 July 2021 / Revised: 22 August 2021 / Accepted: 23 August 2021 / Published: 25 August 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Enzymology: Advances and Applications)
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Abstract

In recent years, enzymes have risen as promising therapeutic tools for different pathologies, from metabolic deficiencies, such as fibrosis conditions, ocular pathologies or joint problems, to cancer or cardiovascular diseases. Treatments based on the catalytic activity of enzymes are able to convert a wide range of target molecules to restore the correct physiological metabolism. These treatments present several advantages compared to established therapeutic approaches thanks to their affinity and specificity properties. However, enzymes present some challenges, such as short in vivo half-life, lack of targeted action and, in particular, patient immune system reaction against the enzyme. For this reason, it is important to monitor serum immune response during treatment. This can be achieved by conventional techniques (ELISA) but also by new promising tools such as microarrays. These assays have gained popularity due to their high-throughput analysis capacity, their simplicity, and their potential to monitor the immune response of patients during enzyme therapies. In this growing field, research is still ongoing to solve current health problems such as COVID-19. Currently, promising therapeutic alternatives using the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) are being studied to treat COVID-19.
Keywords: biotechnology; enzyme therapy; encapsulation; molecular modification of enzymes; monitoring of immune response; microarray; COVID-19 biotechnology; enzyme therapy; encapsulation; molecular modification of enzymes; monitoring of immune response; microarray; COVID-19

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MDPI and ACS Style

de la Fuente, M.; Lombardero, L.; Gómez-González, A.; Solari, C.; Angulo-Barturen, I.; Acera, A.; Vecino, E.; Astigarraga, E.; Barreda-Gómez, G. Enzyme Therapy: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 9181. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179181

AMA Style

de la Fuente M, Lombardero L, Gómez-González A, Solari C, Angulo-Barturen I, Acera A, Vecino E, Astigarraga E, Barreda-Gómez G. Enzyme Therapy: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(17):9181. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179181

Chicago/Turabian Style

de la Fuente, Miguel, Laura Lombardero, Alfonso Gómez-González, Cristina Solari, Iñigo Angulo-Barturen, Arantxa Acera, Elena Vecino, Egoitz Astigarraga, and Gabriel Barreda-Gómez. 2021. "Enzyme Therapy: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17: 9181. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179181

APA Style

de la Fuente, M., Lombardero, L., Gómez-González, A., Solari, C., Angulo-Barturen, I., Acera, A., Vecino, E., Astigarraga, E., & Barreda-Gómez, G. (2021). Enzyme Therapy: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(17), 9181. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179181

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