Recent Findings Unravel Genes and Genetic Factors Underlying Leptosphaeria maculans Resistance in Brassica napus and Its Relatives
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Current Resistance Genes Go Beyond Simple Allelism
3. Exploring Resistance Genes in Brassica napus and Its Relatives
4. Genome Sequencing in Brassica Species Hastened the Identification of Resistance Genes
5. Genetic Factors Involving the Pathogenicity and Resistance in Leptosphaeria maculans
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Country | Production (Tonnes, 106) | Area Harvested (Ha, 106) | Yield (Tonnes Per Ha) |
---|---|---|---|
1. Canada | 20.34 | 9.12 | 2.23 |
2. China | 13.28 | 6.55 | 2.03 |
3. India | 8.43 | 6.70 | 1.26 |
4. France | 4.95 | 1.62 | 3.06 |
5. Australia | 3.89 | 3.17 | 1.23 |
6. Germany | 3.67 | 1.22 | 3.00 |
7. Ukraine | 2.75 | 1.04 | 2.65 |
8. Poland | 2.20 | 0.84 | 2.64 |
9. USA | 2.01 | 0.79 | 2.55 |
10. Russia | 1.99 | 1.50 | 1.33 |
Gene (Position) | Candidate Genes | RGA Type | Gene Ortholog (TAIR10) | Molecular Function | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rlm1 (A07 in Bna) | BnaA07g28760D | RLP | AT1G56140 | LRR TM prot_k | [76] |
BnaA07g29310D | RLK | AT1G71390 | RLP 11 | [76] | |
BnaA07g27720D | NLR | AT1G69160 | BIG GRAIN LIKE 1 supressor | [76] | |
BnaA07g28550D | - | AT1G33612 | Receptor for the Plant Natriuretic Peptide | [76] | |
BnaA07g28840D | RLK | AT1G70740 | Prot_k superfam_prot | [77] | |
BnaA07g27460D | RLK | AT1G68830 | STN7 prot_k | [78] | |
Rlm3, Rlm4 & Rlm7 (A07 in Bna) | BnaA07g20490D- | AT1G79090 | Protein PAT1 homolog | [76] | |
BnaA07g20910D | NLR | AT1G77610 | UDP-galactose transporter 1 | [76] | |
BnaA07g17000D | NLR | AT1G12220 | DRP RPS5/nucleotide binding | [79] | |
BnaA07g17760D | RLK | AT1G56145 | LRR TM prot_k | [79] | |
BnaA07g18000D | RLK | AT3G58690 | Prot_k superfam_prot | [79] | |
BnaA07g18480D | RLK | AT3G59700 | L-type lectin-domain containing receptor kinase V.5 | [79] | |
BnaA07g20630D | RLK | AT1G78290 | SRK2C/ST_k | [79] | |
BnaA07g18680D | TM-CC | AT3G60470 | LRR TM prot_k | [79] | |
BnaA07g18770D | TM-CC | AT3G60600 | VAP 1-1/protein binding | [79] | |
BnaA07g18880D | TM-CC | AT3G61050 | NTMC2T4/lipid binding | [79] | |
BnaA07g19680D | TM-CC | AT1G79830 | GC5 (golgin candidate 5)/protein binding | [79] | |
BnaA07g20240D | RLK | AT1G79640 | Prot_k superfam_prot/ST_k tyrosine | [80] | |
Rlm12 (A01 in Bna) | BnaA01g12900D | RLP | AT4G23100 | Glutamate-cysteine ligase, chloroplastic | [81] |
BnaA01g12800D | RLP | AT4G22990 | Major Facilitator Superfamily with SPX | [81] | |
BnaA01g12940D | RLP | AT4G23240 | Putative cysteine-rich RLP kinase 16 | [81] | |
LepR1 (A02 in Bna) | BnaA02g15610D | RLK | AT1G71870 | Protein DETOXIFICATION 54/MATE efflux fam_prot | [70,76] |
BnaA02g15810D | RLK | AT1G72140 | Protein NRT1/PTR FAMILY 5.12/proton-dependent oligopeptide transport (POT) fam_prot | [70,76] | |
BnaA02g15820D | RLK | AT1G72150 | Patellin-1/transporter | [70,76] | |
BnaA02g15890D | RLK | AT1G72290.1 (CDS) | Cysteine protease inhibitor WSCP | [70,76] | |
BnaA02g16700D | RLK | AT2G18910 | Expressed protein/hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein fam_prot | [70,76] | |
BnaA02g16770D | RLK | AT1G74190 | RLP 15 | [70,76] | |
BnaA02g16960D | NLR | AT1G30490.1 (CDS) | Homeobox-leucine zipper protein ATHB-9 | [70,76] | |
BnaA02g18160D | TM-CC | AT1G76570 | Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 7, chloroplastic | [70,76] | |
BnaA02g20380D | RLK | AT4G01440 | WAT1-related protein | [70,76] | |
BnaA02g20440D | RLK | AT4G01590 | DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit | [70,76] | |
BnaA02g20610D | RLK | AT4G02510 | Translocase of chloroplast 159, chloroplastic/TM receptor | [70,76] | |
BnaA02g21110D | RLK | AT5G19010 | MAP kinase 16 | [70,76] | |
BnaA02g21890D | RLK | AT4G11010 | Nucleoside diphosphate kinase/ATP binding | [70,76] | |
BnaA02g22210D | RLK | AT5G43370 | Probable inorganic phosphate transporter 1-2 | [70,76] | |
BnaA02g22280D | RLK | AT5G43710 | Alpha-mannosidase/glycoside hydrolase family 47 protein | [70,76] | |
BnaA02g22610D | NLR | AT5G40910 | DRP (TNL class) | [70,76] | |
BnaA02g23050D | TM-CC | AT5G42570 | Intracellular protein transport | [82,83] | |
BnaA02g24000D | NLR | AT5G45490 | Probable DRP | [82,83] | |
BnaA02g24440D | RLP | AT5G46330 | LRR RLP kinase/TM ST_k | [82,83] | |
BnaA02g24500D | NLR | AT5G46510 | DRP (TNL class) | [82,83] | |
BnaA02g24510D | NLR | AT5G46450 | DRP (TNL class) | [82,83] | |
BnaA02g24530D | NLR | AT5G46450 | DRP (TNL class) | [82,83] | |
BnaA02g24540D | NLR | AT5G46450 | DRP (TNL class) | [82,83] | |
BnaA02g24560D | NLR | AT5G46451 | DRP (TNL class) | [82,83] | |
BnaA02g25110D | NLR | AT5G47220 | Ethylene responsive element binding factor 2 | [84] | |
LepR2 (A10 in Bna) | BnaA10g03460D | RLK | AT1G05300 | Zinc transporter 5 | [70,76] |
BnaA10g06440D | RLK | AT5G53070 | Ribosomal protein L9/RNase H1 | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g07140D | RLK | AT3G15240 | ST_k WNK (With No Lysine)-like protein | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g09460D | NLR | AT5G55220 | Trigger factor-like protein TIG, chloroplastic | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g09870D | RLK | AT5G55670 | RNA-binding (RRM/RBD/RNP motifs) fam_prot | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g10000D | NLR | AT5G55910 | ST_k D6PK | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g12510D | RLK | AT5G59200 | Putative pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein, chloroplastic | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g13610D | NLR | AT5G60000 | TM protein | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g14660D | RLK | AT5G20900 | TIFY 3B/JAZ12 (JASMONATE-ZIM-DOMAIN PROTEIN 12) | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g14840D | RLK | AT5G20670 | Unknown protein | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g06390D | RLK | AT5G53000 | PP2A regulatory subunit TAP46 | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g07390D | RLK | AT5G52520 | Proline--tRNA ligase, chloroplastic/mitochondrial | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g07400D | RLK | AT5G52510 | SCL8 | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g07410D | RLK | AT5G52510 | SCL8 | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g07650D | RLK | AT5G51970 | Sorbitol dehydrogenase | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g09120D | RLK | AT5G54850 | Unknown protein | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g09500D | RLK | AT5G55280 | Cell division protein FtsZ homolog 1, chloroplastic | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g10380D | RLK | AT5G56220 | P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases superfam_prot/nucleotide binding | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g10430D | RLK | AT5G56210 | WPP domain-interacting protein 2 | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g11120D | RLK | AT5G57110 | Calcium-transporting ATPase | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g11930D | RLK | AT5G58410 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase listerin/zinc ion binding | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g12560D | RLK | AT5G59610 | Chaperone DnaJ-domain superfam_prot/DNAJ heat shock N-terminal domain-containing protein | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g12830D | RLK | AT4G34110 | Polyadenylate-binding/RNA binding/translation initiation factor | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g12860D | RLK | AT5G59900 | Putative pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g12870D | RLK | AT5G22880 | Histone H2B/DNA binding | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g12880D | RLK | AT5G59950 | RNA-binding fam_prot/RNA and export factor-binding protein | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g12890D | RLK | AT5G59990 | CCT motif fam_prot | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g12900D | RLK | AT5G60020 | Laccase-17 | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g12950D | RLK | AT5G60120 | Target of early activation tagged (EAT) 2/TF | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g14170D | RLK | AT5G22170 | TM protein | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g14640D | RLK | AT2G24080 | F-box protein (DUF295) | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g15480D | RLK | AT5G19690 | Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide-protein glycosyltransferase subunit STT3A | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g18330D | RLK | AT5G16000 | Protein NSP-INTERACTING KINASE 1 | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g19700D | RLK | AT5G13870 | Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g20110D | RLK | AT5G13180 | NAC domain-containing protein 83/TF | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g23030D | RLK | AT5G08450 | Zinc finger CCCH domain protein | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g23040D | RLK | AT5G08440 | Unknown protein | [70,76] | |
BnaA10g26650D | RLK | AT5G03290 | Isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD) catalytic subunit 5, mitochondrial | [70,76] | |
BLMR1 (A10 in Bna) | BnaA10g21910D | - | AT5G10360 | 40S ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6B) | [85] |
BnaA10g19660D | - | AT3G17620 | Putative F-box domain protein | [85] | |
BLMR2 (A10 in Bna) | BnaA10g11390D | - | AT5G57340 | Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor Q-like protein | [85] |
BnaA10g11500D | TM | AT5G57560 | Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase | [85] | |
LepR4 (A06 in Bra) | Bra018037 | NLR | AT5G17680 | DRP (TNL class) | [86] |
Bra018057 | NLR | AT5G66900 | DRP (CNL class) | [86] | |
Bra018198 | NLR | AT3G46710 | DRP (CNL class) | [86] | |
Bra019483 | NLR | AT2G15530 | RING/U-box superfam_prot | [86] | |
Rlm1 (C06 in Bol) | Bo6g077080 | NLR | AT3G60490 | Ethylene-responsive TF ERF035 APETALA2 | [87] |
Bo6g088090 | RLK | AT1G73080 | RLP kinase LRR-RLK, STKc | [87] | |
Bo6g080150 | RLK | AT1G80080 | Protein TOO MANY MOUTHS_TMM LRR | [87] | |
Bo6g093010 | RLK | AT1G71830 | Somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase 1 LRR-RLK, STKc | [87] | |
Bo6g089160 | NLR | AT1G72890 | DRP (TIR-NBS class) | [87] | |
Bo6g089290 | NLR | AT1G72850 | DRP (TIR-NBS class) | [88] | |
LepR1 (C02 in Bol) | Bo2g093170 | NLR | AT1G57850 | TIR domain protein family | [88] |
Bo2g095430 | LRR | AT1G22000 | Putative F-box/LRR protein | [88] | |
Bo2g095460 | RLK | AT1G79620 | LRR RLP kinase | [88] | |
Bo2g103360 | NLR | AT5G36930 | DRP (TNL class) | [88] | |
Bo2g103380 | LRR | AT4G03220 | Putative F-box/LRR protein | [88] | |
Bo2g104830 | LRR | AT3G47580 | LRR RLP kinase | [88] | |
Bo2g118150 | RLK | AT1G56120 | LRR TM prot_k | [88] | |
Bo2g118200 | RLK | AT1G56130 | Probable LRR RLK ST_k | [88] | |
Bo2g124490 | NLR | AT1G63730 | DRP (TNL class) | [88] | |
Bo2g124590 | RLK | AT5G44700 | LRR RLK ST_k GSO2 | [88] | |
Bo2g125680 | RLK | AT3G47570 | Probable LRR RLK ST_k | [88] | |
Bo2g125700 | RLK | AT5G20480 | LRR RLK ST_k | [88] | |
Bo2g126850 | NLR | AT5G45220 | DRP (TNL class) | [88] | |
Bo2g126860 | NLR | AT2G17050 | DRP (TNL class) | [88] | |
Bo2g126870 | NLR | AT5G45210 | DRP (TNL class) | [88] | |
Bo2g126880 | NLR | AT5G17880 | Disease resistance-like protein CSA1 | [88] | |
Bo2g126900 | NLR | AT5G45220 | DRP (TNL class) | [88] | |
Bo2g126920 | NLR | AT5G45230 | DRP (TNL class) | [88] | |
Bo2g126980 | NLR | AT5G45240 | DRP (TNL class) | [88] | |
Bo2g127270 | NLR | AT5G45490 | Probable DRP | [88] | |
Bo2g127290 | NLR | AT5G45490 | Probable DRP | [88] | |
Bo2g127320 | NLR | AT5G45510 | Probable DRP | [88] | |
Bo2g129990 | RLK | AT5G46330 | LRR RLP kinase | [88] | |
Bo2g130040 | NLR | AT5G46470 | DRP RPS6 | [88] | |
Bo2g130050 | LRR | AT5G40060 | DRP (NLR class) | [88] | |
Bo2g130080 | NLR | AT5G46270 | DRP (TNL class) | [88] | |
Bo2g130090 | NLR | AT5G46450 | DRP (TNL class) | [88] | |
Bo2g130100 | NLR | AT5G46450 | DRP (TNL class) | [88] | |
Bo2g130110 | NLR | AT4G08450 | DRP (TNL class) | [88] | |
Bo2g130150 | NLR | AT4G08450 | DRP (TNL class) | [88] | |
Bo2g130180 | NLR | AT5G46450 | DRP (TNL class) | [88] | |
Bo2g131530 | NLR | AT4G16920 | DRP (TNL class) | [88] | |
Bo2g131540 | NLR | AT5G46270 | DRP (TNL class) | [88] | |
Bo2g131590 | NLR | AT5G46450 | DRP (TNL class) | [88] | |
Bo2g131610 | NLR | AT5G46260 | DRP (TNL class) | [88] | |
Bo2g131620 | NLR | AT5G40060 | DRP (NLR class) | [88] | |
LepR2 (C09 in Bol) | Bo9g111490 | LRR | AT1G51370 | F-box domain/LRR protein | [89] |
Bo9g111500 | LRR | AT5G25850 | Putative F-box domain/LRR protein | [89] | |
Bo9g111510 | LRR | AT5G53840 | F-box domain/LRR protein | [89] | |
Bo9g113780 | RLK | AT5G53890 | LRR RLP kinase | [89] | |
Bo9g117290 | RLK | AT5G54380 | RLP kinase THESEUS 1 | [89] | |
Bo9g119130 | RLK | AT5G55090 | MAP kinase 15 | [89] | |
Bo9g120720 | LRR | AT5G66330 | LRR fam_prot | [89] | |
Bo9g122300 | RLK | AT5G56040 | LRR RLP kinase | [89] | |
Bo9g125930 | LRR | AT3G56780 | F-box domain/LRR protein | [89] | |
Bo9g126120 | LRR | AT5G56560 | F-box domain/LRR protein | [89] | |
Bo9g126140 | LRR | AT5G56560 | F-box domain/LRR protein | [89] | |
Bo9g126150 | RLK | AT5G56580 | MAP kinase 6 | [89] | |
Bo9g135700 | CC | AT2G42480 | MATH & CC domain-containing protein | [89] | |
LepR4 (C03 in Bol) | Bo3g099380 | RLK | AT5G65240 | LRR prot_k | [90] |
Bo3g102880 | NLR | AT4G36150 | DRP (TNL class) | [90] | |
Bo3g103150 | RLK | AT5G63710 | LRR prot_k | [90] | |
Bo3g107230 | RLK | AT5G62710 | LRR prot_k | [90] | |
Bo3g107530 | RLK | AT1G53510 | MAP Pkinase 18 | [90] | |
Bo3g110840 | RLK | AT3G47090 | LRR prot_k | [90] | |
Bo3g114980 | RLK | AT3G47090 | MAP Pkinase_Tyr, ST_k | [90] | |
Bo3g130040 | RLK | AT3G45640 | MAP Pkinase | [90] | |
Bo3g134690 | RLK | AT3G47580 | LRR protein Pkinase | [90] | |
LepR4 (C08 in Bol) | Bo8g077170 | RLK | AT1G53510 | MAP Pkinase 18 | [90] |
Bo8g077270 | NLR | AT5G17680 | DRP (TNL class) | [90] | |
Bo8g077320 | CC | AT3G48860 | CC domain containing protein SCD2 | [90] | |
Rlm6 (A07 in Bju) | BjuA027357 | RLK | AT1G66830 | Probable inactive LRR RLP kinase | [91] |
BjuA043308 | RLK | AT1G67510 | LRR prot_k fam_prot | [91] | |
Rlm6 (B04 in Bju) | BjuB042709 | RLK | AT1G10850 | LRR prot_k fam_prot/ST_k | [91] |
BjuB042726 | RLK | AT1G11130 | LRR prot_k fam_prot/receptor signalling protein ST_k | [91] | |
LMJR1 (B03 in Bju) | BjuB043144 | RLK | AT1G61360 | ST_k | [92] |
BjuB032936 | RLK | AT1G29720 | Probable LRR RLK ST_k | [92] | |
BjuB043487 | RLK | AT1G21209 | Wall associated kinase 4 | [92] | |
BjuB043117 | RLP | AT1G10520 | DNA polymerase lambda | [92] | |
BjuB047419 | RLP | AT1G71400 | RLP 12 | [92] | |
LMJR2 (B08 in Bju) | BjuB015599 | RLK | AT5G59680 | Probable LRR RLK ST_k | [92] |
BjuB041327 | RLK | AT4G08850 | MDIS1-interacting RLK 2 | [92] | |
BjuB040922 | RLK | AT5G07620 | Prot_k superfam_prot | [92] | |
BjuB041021 | RLK | AT5G10530 | L-type lectin-domain containing receptor kinase IX.1 | [92] | |
BjuB019224 | RLK | AT3G56050 | Probable inactive RLP kinase | [92] | |
BjuB045981 | RLP | AT5G56810 | Putative F-box domain/LRR protein | [92] | |
rjlm2 (B01 in Bju) | BjuB026698 | RLK | AT2G35620 | LRR RLK ST_k FEI 2 | [92] |
BjuB025797 | RLK | AT5G38210 | Prot_k fam_prot | [92] |
Species | Types of Progenies | References |
---|---|---|
Brassica carinata and Brassica rapa | Double haploid (DH) lines | [86,115,144,145,146,147] |
Brassica juncea | Recombinant and backcrossed (BC) lines | [148,149,150] |
Brassica nigra | Hybrid and recombinant lines | [149,151,152] |
Brassica elongata, Brassica fruticulosa, Brassica souliei and Diplotaxis tenuifolia | Hybrid | [130] |
Coincya monensis and Hirschfeldia incana | Hybrid and BC lines | [130,132] |
Sinapsis arvensis | Somatic hybrids and BC lines | [130,132,153,154] |
Brassica tournefortii | Somatic hybrids | [155] |
Species (Common Name) | NLR | RLK | RLP | Software Used | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arabidopsis lyrata (Lyre-leaved rock-cress) | 243 | 514 | 73 | RGAugury | [140] |
506 | 495 | 56 | RGAugury | [138] | |
198 | - | - | HMM/MEME | [143] | |
200 | - | - | HMM/LRRfinder | [137] | |
Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) | 205 | 516 | 73 | RGAugury | [140] |
410 | 517 | 75 | RGAugury | [138] | |
152 | - | - | NLGenome Sweeper | [141] | |
213 | - | - | HMMER | [142] | |
165 | - | - | HMM/MEME | [143] | |
167 | - | - | HMM/LRRfinder | [137] | |
Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) | 315 | 1085 | 191 | RGAugury | [140] |
- | 493 | 228 | RGAugury | [91] | |
Brassica napus (Oilseed rape) | 286 1 | 989 1 | 77 1 | RGAugury | [140] |
208 2 | 680 2 | 223 2 | RGAugury | [140] | |
621 3 | 1497 3 | 273 3 | RGAugury | [140] | |
566 4 | 1517 4 | 260 4 | RGAugury | [140] | |
464 | - | - | HMMER | [136] | |
641 | - | - | MEME/MAST | [135] | |
B. napus pangenome | 16430 | 51611 | 5229 | RGAugury | [70] |
Brassica nigra (Black mustard) | 372 | 776 | 176 | RGAugury | [140] |
- | 317 | 176 | RGAugury | [91] | |
Brassica oleracea (Cabbage) | 493 | 822 | 159 | RGAugury | [72] |
438 | 796 | 155 | RGAugury | [140] | |
146 | - | - | HMMER | [136] | |
443 | - | - | MEME/MAST | [135] | |
157 | - | - | HMMER | [142] | |
408 | - | - | HMMER | [139] | |
B. oleracea pangenome | 616 | 932 | 223 | RGAugury | [72] |
Brassica rapa (Field mustard) | 263 | 670 | 106 | RGAugury | [140] |
488 | 747 | 118 | RGAugury | [138] | |
- | 300 | 65 | RGAugury | [91] | |
202 | - | - | HMMER | [136] | |
249 | - | - | MEME/MAST | [135] | |
206 | - | - | HMMER | [142] | |
204 | - | - | HMM/MEME | [143] | |
201 | - | - | HMM/LRRfinder | [137] | |
Brassica macrocarpa(‘Egadi‘ cabbage) | 447 | 862 | 186 | RGAugury | [72] |
Camelina sativa (False flax) | 504 | 1469 | 280 | RGAugury | [140] |
Capsella rubella (pink shepherd’s-purse) | 180 | 539 | 87 | RGAugury | [140] |
200 | 536 | 97 | RGAugury | [138] | |
127 | - | - | HMM/MEME | [143] | |
Eutrema salsugineum (Saltwater cress) | 165 | 509 | 77 | RGAugury | [140] |
348 | 483 | 83 | RGAugury | [138] | |
88 | - | - | HMM/MEME | [143] | |
87 | - | - | HMM/LRRfinder | [137] | |
Raphanus raphanistrum (Wild radish) | 206 | 585 | 142 | RGAugury | [140] |
Thlaspi arvense (Field penny-cress) | 183 | 474 | 120 | RGAugury | [140] |
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Cantila, A.Y.; Saad, N.S.M.; Amas, J.C.; Edwards, D.; Batley, J. Recent Findings Unravel Genes and Genetic Factors Underlying Leptosphaeria maculans Resistance in Brassica napus and Its Relatives. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 313. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010313
Cantila AY, Saad NSM, Amas JC, Edwards D, Batley J. Recent Findings Unravel Genes and Genetic Factors Underlying Leptosphaeria maculans Resistance in Brassica napus and Its Relatives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(1):313. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010313
Chicago/Turabian StyleCantila, Aldrin Y., Nur Shuhadah Mohd Saad, Junrey C. Amas, David Edwards, and Jacqueline Batley. 2021. "Recent Findings Unravel Genes and Genetic Factors Underlying Leptosphaeria maculans Resistance in Brassica napus and Its Relatives" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1: 313. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010313