TGF-β Serum Levels in Diabetic Retinopathy Patients and the Role of Anti-VEGF Therapy
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Study Subjects and Ophthalmic Evaluation
2.2. Clinical Assessment
2.3. Serum Growth Factor Levels
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Subjects
4.2. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
4.3. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gender (F; M) | HbA1c (%) | Diabetes Duration (Years) | Insulin Treatment (Y; N) | Subjects with Glycemic Control (Y; N) | Age (Years) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CTRL (N = 7) | (4; 3) | 3.9 ± 0.9 | NA | NA | NA | 66 ± 14 |
Diabetic (N = 6) | (4; 2) | 6.6 ± 0.3 | 5 ± 5 | (0; 6) | (6; 0) | 75 ± 10 |
NPDR naïve (N = 6) | (2; 4) | 7 ± 1 | 19 ± 8 | (4; 2) | (4; 2) | 74 ± 6 |
NPDR aflibercept (N = 6) | (2; 4) | 6.9 ± 0.5 | 20 ± 8 | (5; 1) | (6; 0) | 70 ± 7 |
PDR naïve (N = 7) | (4; 3) | 7.3 ± 0.6 | 21 ± 6 | (7; 0) | (2; 5) | 70 ± 7 |
PDR aflibercept (N = 6) | (3; 3) | 7 ± 1 | 18 ± 9 | (3; 3) | (4; 2) | 67 ± 8 |
Kolmogorov–Smirnov | Shapiro–Wilk | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Statistics | gf | Sign. | Statistics | gf | Sign. | |
Diabetes duration | 0.163 | 38 | 0.014 | 0.926 | 38 | 0.017 |
HbA1c | 0.190 | 38 | 0.002 | 0.914 | 38 | 0.007 |
TGFβ1 | 0.151 | 38 | 0.033 | 0.937 | 38 | 0.036 |
VEGF-A | 0.154 | 38 | 0.028 | 0.794 | 38 | 0.000 |
PlGF | 0.245 | 38 | 0.000 | 0.642 | 38 | 0.000 |
Duration | HbA1c | TGFβ1 | VEGF-A | PlGF | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diabetes duration | Pearson coefficient | 1 | 0.595 ** | 0.335 * | 0.102 | 0.084 |
Sign. (two tails) | 0.000 | 0.043 | 0.547 | 0.622 | ||
N | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | |
HbA1c | Pearson coefficient | 0.595 ** | 1 | 0.592 ** | 0.271 | 0.163 |
Sign. (two tails) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.104 | 0.334 | ||
N | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | |
TGFβ1 | Pearson coefficient | 0.335 * | 0.592 ** | 1 | 0.003 | −0.132 |
Sign. (two tails) | 0.043 | 0.000 | 0.984 | 0.436 | ||
N | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | |
VEGF-A | Pearson coefficient | 0.102 | 0.271 | 0.003 | 1 | −0.156 |
Sign. (two tails) | 0.547 | 0.104 | 0.984 | 0.358 | ||
N | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | |
PlGF | Pearson coefficient | 0.084 | 0.163 | −0.132 | −0.156 | 1 |
Sign. (two tails) | 0.622 | 0.334 | 0.436 | 0.358 | ||
N | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 |
Effects | Wilks λ | F | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
group | 0.037 | 6.836 | 0.0001 |
insulin treatment | 0.953 | 0.266 | 0.849 |
glycemic control | 0.358 | 0.573 | 0.001 |
gender | 0.869 | 0.805b | 0.509 |
Group * glycemic control | 0.627 | 3.167 | 0.05 |
Group * gender | 0.39 | 2.049 | 0.05 |
glycemic control * gender | 0.464 | 6.152 | 0.006 |
Source of Variation | Dependent Variable | F | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
group | HbA1c | 9.624 | 0.0001 |
TGFβ1 | 12.708 | 0.0001 | |
Diabetes duration | 2.077 | 0.116 | |
Insulin treatment | HbA1c | 0.35 | 0.562 |
TGFβ1 | 0.272 | 0.608 | |
Diabetes duration | 0.095 | 0.762 | |
Glycemic control | HbA1c | 13.579 | 0.002 |
TGFβ1 | 6.873 | 0.017 | |
Diabetes duration | 4.582 | 0.046 | |
gender | HbA1c | 0.486 | 0.494 |
tgfbeta1 | 1.998 | 0.175 | |
Diabetes duration | 0.062 | 0.806 | |
group * glycemic control | HbA1c | 6.217 | 0.023 |
TGFβ1 | 0.112 | 0.742 | |
Diabetes duration | 1.523 | 0.233 | |
group * gender | HbA1c | 0.337 | 0.799 |
TGFβ1 | 6.253 | 0.004 | |
Diabetes duration | 1.123 | 0.366 | |
Glycemic control * gender | HbA1c | 0.068 | 0.798 |
TGFβ1 | 15,571 | 0.001 | |
Diabetes duration | 2.478 | 0.133 |
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Bonfiglio, V.; Platania, C.B.M.; Lazzara, F.; Conti, F.; Pizzo, C.; Reibaldi, M.; Russo, A.; Fallico, M.; Ortisi, E.; Pignatelli, F.; et al. TGF-β Serum Levels in Diabetic Retinopathy Patients and the Role of Anti-VEGF Therapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 9558. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249558
Bonfiglio V, Platania CBM, Lazzara F, Conti F, Pizzo C, Reibaldi M, Russo A, Fallico M, Ortisi E, Pignatelli F, et al. TGF-β Serum Levels in Diabetic Retinopathy Patients and the Role of Anti-VEGF Therapy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(24):9558. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249558
Chicago/Turabian StyleBonfiglio, Vincenza, Chiara Bianca Maria Platania, Francesca Lazzara, Federica Conti, Corrado Pizzo, Michele Reibaldi, Andrea Russo, Matteo Fallico, Elina Ortisi, Francesco Pignatelli, and et al. 2020. "TGF-β Serum Levels in Diabetic Retinopathy Patients and the Role of Anti-VEGF Therapy" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24: 9558. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249558
APA StyleBonfiglio, V., Platania, C. B. M., Lazzara, F., Conti, F., Pizzo, C., Reibaldi, M., Russo, A., Fallico, M., Ortisi, E., Pignatelli, F., Longo, A., Avitabile, T., Drago, F., & Bucolo, C. (2020). TGF-β Serum Levels in Diabetic Retinopathy Patients and the Role of Anti-VEGF Therapy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(24), 9558. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249558