Angiotensin-(1-7) Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Autophagy via the Mas Receptor in Skeletal Muscle
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Angiotensin-(1-7) Prevented the Decline of Muscle Function and Tetanic Force via the Mas Receptor in LPS-Treated Mice
2.2. Angiotensin-(1-7) Decreased LPS-Induced Autophagy in the Diaphragm, Tibialis Anterior, and Gastrocnemius Muscles through a Mas Receptor-Dependent Mechanism
2.3. Angiotensin-(1-7) Decreased LPS-Induced Autophagy in Skeletal Muscle Cells
2.4. Angiotensin-(1-7) Prevented the Phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and BCL-2 and the Disassembly of the Beclin1/BCL-2 Complex
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals and Experimental Protocols
4.2. Strength Test
4.3. Contractile Measurements
4.4. Cell Cultures
4.5. Immunoblot Analysis
4.6. Reverse Transcription and Quantitative Real-Time PCR
4.7. Co-Immunoprecipitation Analysis
4.8. Indirect Immunofluorescence
4.9. Adenovirus Transduction and Analysis of GFP-LC3B Puncta
4.10. Autophagy Assay
4.11. Statistics
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AdV-GFP-LC3 | Adenovirus for GFP-LC3 |
AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
Ang-(1-7) | Angiotensin (1-7) |
Atrogin-1 | atrogin-1/MAFbx |
AT1 | Angiotensin II receptor type 1 |
BCL-2 | B-cell lymphoma-2 |
CQ | Chloroquine |
DFG | Diaphragm |
EDTA | Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
GA | Gastrocnemius |
GAPDH | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
GFP | Green fluorescent protein |
JNK | c-Jun N-terminal kinase |
LC3B | Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B |
LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |
kDa | Kilodalton |
KO | Knock out |
MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
Mas KO | Mas knockout (deficient in Mas receptor) |
MOI | Multiplicity of infection |
MuRF-1 | Muscle RING-finger protein-1 |
NBR1 | Neighbor of BRCA1 gene 1 |
OPTN | Optineurin |
PE | Phosphatidylethanolamine |
p62/SQSTM1 | Sequestosome 1 |
PI3P | Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate |
PMSF | Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride |
PVDF | Polyvinylidene fluoride |
qPCR | Quantitative polymerase chain reaction |
RAS | Renin-angiotensin system |
RIPA | Radioimmunoprecipitation assay |
ROI | Region of interest |
ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
RT | Reverse transcription |
RAS | Renin angiotensin system |
SHP-1 | Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 |
TA | Tibialis anterior |
UPS | Ubiquitin proteasome system |
WT | Wild-type |
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Rivera, J.C.; Abrigo, J.; Tacchi, F.; Simon, F.; Brandan, E.; Santos, R.A.; Bader, M.; Chiong, M.; Cabello-Verrugio, C. Angiotensin-(1-7) Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Autophagy via the Mas Receptor in Skeletal Muscle. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 9344. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249344
Rivera JC, Abrigo J, Tacchi F, Simon F, Brandan E, Santos RA, Bader M, Chiong M, Cabello-Verrugio C. Angiotensin-(1-7) Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Autophagy via the Mas Receptor in Skeletal Muscle. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(24):9344. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249344
Chicago/Turabian StyleRivera, Juan Carlos, Johanna Abrigo, Franco Tacchi, Felipe Simon, Enrique Brandan, Robson A. Santos, Michael Bader, Mario Chiong, and Claudio Cabello-Verrugio. 2020. "Angiotensin-(1-7) Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Autophagy via the Mas Receptor in Skeletal Muscle" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24: 9344. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249344