A Salt-Signaling Network Involving Ethylene, Extracellular ATP, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Calcium Mediates K+/Na+ Homeostasis in Arabidopsis

Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China

Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083; China

⁴

State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, The Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(22), 8683; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228683

Received: 21 October 2020 / Revised: 14 November 2020 / Accepted: 16 November 2020 / Published: 17 November 2020

(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Plant Sciences)

View Full-Text Download PDF

Browse Figures

Citation Export

Abstract

This work aimed at investigating the interactive effects of salt-signaling molecules, i.e., ethylene, extracellular ATP (eATP), H₂O₂, and cytosolic Ca²⁺ ([Ca²⁺]_cyt), on the regulation of K⁺/Na⁺ homeostasis in Arabidopsisthaliana. The presence of eATP shortened Col-0 hypocotyl length under no-salt conditions. Moreover, eATP decreased relative electrolyte leakage and lengthened root length significantly in salt-treated Col-0 plants but had no obvious effects on the ethylene-insensitive mutants etr1-1 and ein3-1eil1-1. Steady-state ionic flux kinetics showed that exogenous 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC, an ethylene precursor) and eATP-Na₂ (an eATP donor) significantly increased Na⁺ extrusion and suppressed K⁺ loss during short-term NaCl treatment. Moreover, ACC remarkably raised the fluorescence intensity of salt-elicited H₂O₂ and cytosolic Ca²⁺. Our qPCR data revealed that during 12 h of NaCl stress, application of ACC increased the expression of AtSOS1 and AtAHA1, which encode the plasma membrane (PM) Na⁺/H⁺ antiporters (SOS1) and H⁺-ATPase (H⁺ pumps), respectively. In addition, eATP markedly increased the transcription of AtEIN3, AtEIL1, and AtETR1, and ACC treatment of Col-0 roots under NaCl stress conditions caused upregulation of AtRbohF and AtSOS2/3, which directly contribute to the H₂O₂ and Ca²⁺ signaling pathways, respectively. Briefly, ethylene was triggered by eATP, a novel upstream signaling component, which then activated and strengthened the H₂O₂ and Ca²⁺ signaling pathways to maintain K⁺/Na⁺ homeostasis under salinity. View Full-Text

Keywords: ethylene; eATP; H₂O₂; [Ca²⁺]_cyt; NaCl; K⁺/Na⁺ homeostasis; Arabidopsis

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Supplementary Material

Supplementary File 1:
PDF-Document (PDF, 224 KiB)

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Lang, T.; Deng, C.; Yao, J.; Zhang, H.; Wang, Y.; Deng, S. A Salt-Signaling Network Involving Ethylene, Extracellular ATP, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Calcium Mediates K⁺/Na⁺ Homeostasis in Arabidopsis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 8683. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228683

AMA Style

Lang T, Deng C, Yao J, Zhang H, Wang Y, Deng S. A Salt-Signaling Network Involving Ethylene, Extracellular ATP, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Calcium Mediates K⁺/Na⁺ Homeostasis in Arabidopsis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(22):8683. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228683

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lang, Tao, Chen Deng, Jun Yao, Huilong Zhang, Yin Wang, and Shurong Deng. 2020. "A Salt-Signaling Network Involving Ethylene, Extracellular ATP, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Calcium Mediates K⁺/Na⁺ Homeostasis in Arabidopsis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22: 8683. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228683

Find Other Styles

Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Abstract views Pdf views Html views

Article Menu

A Salt-Signaling Network Involving Ethylene, Extracellular ATP, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Calcium Mediates K⁺/Na⁺ Homeostasis in Arabidopsis

Abstract

Supplementary Material

Share and Cite

Article Metrics

Article Access Statistics

Article Access Map by Country/Region

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI