AHR Signaling Interacting with Nutritional Factors Regulating the Expression of Markers in Vascular Inflammation and Atherogenesis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. CYP1A1 Expression in Response to PM2.5 and Nutritional Factors
2.2. Effect of Nutritional Factors on PM2.5-Mediated AHR Activity
2.3. PM2.5 and Nutritional Factor Induced Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines
2.4. PM2.5 and Nutritional Factor Induced Expression of Atherogenic Markers
2.5. Effect of Nutritional Factors on PM2.5-Mediated CRP and S100A9 Promoter Activity
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Reagents and Preparation of PM
4.2. Cell Culture
4.3. RNA Isolation and Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR (qPCR)
4.4. Transfection Experiments and Luciferase Assay
4.5. Gel-Mobility-Shift Assay (GMSA)
4.6. Statistics
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AHR | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor |
ANGPT | Angiopoietin |
ARE | antioxidant response element |
ARNT | AHR nuclear translocator |
BMM | Bone marrow-derived macrophages |
C/EBPβ | CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta |
CCL | C-C motif chemokine ligand |
CXCL | C-X-C motif chemokine ligand |
Chol | Cholesterol |
COX-2 | Cyclooxygenase |
CRP | C-reactive protein |
CVD | Cardiovascular disease |
CXCR | CXC-motive chemokine receptor |
CYP DMSO DRE | Cytochrome P450 Dimethylsulfoxide Dioxin responsive element |
Fruc | Fructose |
Gluc | Glucose |
GMSA | gel-mobility shift assay |
HAEC | Human aortic endothelia cells |
HFD | High-fat diet |
IL | Interleukin |
MNF | 3-methoxy-4-nitroflavone |
NF-kB | Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells |
NLRP3 | NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 |
PAHs | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
PAI-2 | Plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 |
Palm | Palmitic acid |
PKA | Protein kinase A |
PM | Particulate matter |
qPCR | Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR |
S100A9 | Damage-associated molecular pattern molecule |
siRNA | small interfering RNA |
TCDD | 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin |
TGL | Triglyceride |
TPA | phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate |
TRAP | Traffic related air pollution |
TSP-1 | Thrombospondin-1 |
Umac | U937 derived macrophages (human) |
VEGF | Vascular endothelia growth factor |
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Dahlem, C.; Kado, S.Y.; He, Y.; Bein, K.; Wu, D.; Haarmann-Stemmann, T.; Kado, N.Y.; Vogel, C.F.A. AHR Signaling Interacting with Nutritional Factors Regulating the Expression of Markers in Vascular Inflammation and Atherogenesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 8287. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218287
Dahlem C, Kado SY, He Y, Bein K, Wu D, Haarmann-Stemmann T, Kado NY, Vogel CFA. AHR Signaling Interacting with Nutritional Factors Regulating the Expression of Markers in Vascular Inflammation and Atherogenesis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(21):8287. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218287
Chicago/Turabian StyleDahlem, Carla, Sarah Y. Kado, Yi He, Keith Bein, Dalei Wu, Thomas Haarmann-Stemmann, Norman Y. Kado, and Christoph F. A. Vogel. 2020. "AHR Signaling Interacting with Nutritional Factors Regulating the Expression of Markers in Vascular Inflammation and Atherogenesis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21: 8287. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218287