The Roles of Host 5-Methylcytosine RNA Methyltransferases during Viral Infections
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. m5C RNA Methyltransferases and Their RNA Targets
3. Host-Based Methylation of the Fifth Position of Cytosine Residues in Viral RNA
4. The Modulation of Host Cellular Metabolism via Virus Hijacking of RNA Processing
5. Attenuation of Host Antiviral Response by Virus-Mediated Activation of NSUN2
6. Inhibitors of m5C RNA Methyltransferases as Antiviral Drugs
7. Conclusions and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
A/H5N1 | influenza A virus subtype H5N1 |
A3G | apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G (cytidine deaminase) |
AAvV-1 | avian avulavirus 1 |
ANG | angiogenin |
APOBEC | apolipoprotein B editing complex |
APOER2 | apolipoprotein E receptor 2 |
CpG | 5′C—phosphate—G3′ |
Cys | cysteine |
DCV | Drosophila C virus |
DENV | dengue virus |
DNA | deoxyrybonucleic acid |
DNMT2 | DNA methyltransferase 2 |
dsRNA | double-stranded RNA |
EBOV | Ebola virus |
EBV | Epstein-Barr virus |
EGCG | epigallocatechin-3-gallate |
eRNA | enhancer RNA |
FeHV-1 | feline herpesvirus type 1 |
GEO | Gene Expression Omnibus |
Glu | glutamic acid |
Gly | glycine |
HBV | hepatitis B virus |
HCV | hepatitis C virus |
hDNMT1 | human DNA methyltransferase 1 |
hDNMT3Acat | human DNA methyltransferase 3A catalytic domain |
HIV-1 | human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
HMPV | human metapneumovirus |
hnRNPK | heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K |
HPV | human papillomavirus |
HSV-1 | herpes simplex virus 1 |
HTLV | human T-lymphotropic virus |
IAV | influenza A virus |
IFN-β | interferon beta |
KSHV | Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus |
Leu | leucine |
lncRNA | long non-coding RNA |
m5C | 5-methylcytosine |
m6A | N6-methyladenosine |
MDA-5 | melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 |
Met | methionine |
miRNA | microRNA |
MLV | murine leukemia virus |
mRNA | messenger RNA |
mt tRNA | mitochondrial tRNA |
NDV | Newcastle disease virus |
Nop2 | nucleolar protein 2 |
Nsp3 | non-structural protein 3 |
NSUN | NOL1/NOP2/SUN domain |
nt | nucleotide |
PGC-1α | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha |
PKR | RNA-dependent protein kinase |
P-TEFb | positive transcription elongation factor b |
Rcm1 | rRNA (cytosine-C5-)-methyltransferase |
RNA | ribonucleic acid |
rRNA | ribosomal RNA |
RSV | respiratory syncytial virus |
RVFV | Rift Valley fever virus |
SAM | S-adenosylmethionine |
SARS-Bat SRBD | SARS-CoV-like virus isolated from bats that contains the spike-protein receptor-binding domain from wild type SARS-CoV Urbani |
SARS-CoV | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus |
SARS-CoV-2 | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 |
snRNA | small nuclear RNA |
+ssRNA | positive-sense single-stranded RNA |
-ssRNA | negative-sense single-stranded RNA |
ssRNA | single-stranded RNA |
svRNA | small non-coding RNA fragments derived from vtRNA |
svRNA | small viral RNA |
TAR | transactivation response element |
THOC4/ALYREF | THO complex subunit 4/Aly/REF export factor |
Thr | threonine |
tiRNA | tRNA-derived stress-induced RNA |
TRDMT1 | tRNA methyltransferase 1 |
TREX | transcription export complex |
tRFs | tRNA-derived non-coding fragments |
Trm4 | multisite-specific tRNA:m5C-methyltransferase |
tRNA | transfer RNA |
UHPLC | ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography |
UPLC-MS/MS | ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry |
VSV | vesicular stomatitis virus |
vtRNA | small vault RNA |
WNV | West Nile virus |
ZIKV | Zika virus |
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Wnuk, M.; Slipek, P.; Dziedzic, M.; Lewinska, A. The Roles of Host 5-Methylcytosine RNA Methyltransferases during Viral Infections. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 8176. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218176
Wnuk M, Slipek P, Dziedzic M, Lewinska A. The Roles of Host 5-Methylcytosine RNA Methyltransferases during Viral Infections. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(21):8176. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218176
Chicago/Turabian StyleWnuk, Maciej, Piotr Slipek, Mateusz Dziedzic, and Anna Lewinska. 2020. "The Roles of Host 5-Methylcytosine RNA Methyltransferases during Viral Infections" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21: 8176. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218176