Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Stimulate HIF-1α-Independent VEGF Release in 1321N1 Human Astrocytes Protecting Neuron-like SH-SY5Y Cells from Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effect of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields on Cells Viability and Neurotrophic Factor Production in 1321N1 Astrocytes
2.2. The PEMF-Induced Release of VEGF in 1321N1 Cells Is Not Mediated by HIF-1α
2.3. Astrocyte Conditioned Medium Derived from PEMF-Exposed 1321N1 Cells Protects SH-SY5Y Cells from Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Culture and Treatment
4.2. Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Exposure System
4.3. Cell Viability Assessment
4.4. Cell Proliferation Assay
4.5. AlphaLISA Assays
4.6. Flow Cytometry Analysis
4.7. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
PEMFs | Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields |
VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
EPO | Erythropoietin |
TGF-β1 | Transforming growth factor-beta 1 |
ACM | Astrocyte conditioned medium |
OGD | Oxygen-glucose deprivation |
BBB | Blood-brain barrier |
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Vincenzi, F.; Pasquini, S.; Setti, S.; Salati, S.; Cadossi, R.; Borea, P.A.; Varani, K. Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Stimulate HIF-1α-Independent VEGF Release in 1321N1 Human Astrocytes Protecting Neuron-like SH-SY5Y Cells from Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 8053. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218053
Vincenzi F, Pasquini S, Setti S, Salati S, Cadossi R, Borea PA, Varani K. Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Stimulate HIF-1α-Independent VEGF Release in 1321N1 Human Astrocytes Protecting Neuron-like SH-SY5Y Cells from Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(21):8053. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218053
Chicago/Turabian StyleVincenzi, Fabrizio, Silvia Pasquini, Stefania Setti, Simona Salati, Ruggero Cadossi, Pier Andrea Borea, and Katia Varani. 2020. "Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Stimulate HIF-1α-Independent VEGF Release in 1321N1 Human Astrocytes Protecting Neuron-like SH-SY5Y Cells from Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21: 8053. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218053