Efficient Delivery and Replication of Oncolytic Virus for Successful Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(19), 7073; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197073
Received: 28 August 2020
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Revised: 18 September 2020
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Accepted: 22 September 2020
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Published: 25 September 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oncolytic Virotherapy)
Head and neck cancer has been treated by a combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. In recent years, the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has made immunotherapy a new treatment method. Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy selectively infects tumor cells with a low-pathogenic virus, lyses tumor cells by the cytopathic effects of the virus, and induces anti-tumor immunity to destroy tumors by the action of immune cells. In OV therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), viruses, such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), vaccinia virus, adenovirus, reovirus, measles virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), are mainly used. As the combined use of mutant HSV-1 and ICI was successful for the treatment of melanoma, studies are underway to combine OV therapy with radiation, chemotherapy, and other types of immunotherapy. In such therapy, it is important for the virus to selectively replicate in tumor cells, and to express the viral gene and the introduced foreign gene in the tumor cells. In OV therapy for HNSCC, it may be useful to combine systemic and local treatments that improve the delivery and replication of the inoculated oncolytic virus in the tumor cells.
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Keywords:
oncolytic virotherapy; head and neck cancer; immunogenic cell death; virus delivery; virus replication; tumor antigen; tumor microenvironment
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MDPI and ACS Style
Hamada, M.; Yura, Y. Efficient Delivery and Replication of Oncolytic Virus for Successful Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 7073. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197073
AMA Style
Hamada M, Yura Y. Efficient Delivery and Replication of Oncolytic Virus for Successful Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(19):7073. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197073
Chicago/Turabian StyleHamada, Masakazu, and Yoshiaki Yura. 2020. "Efficient Delivery and Replication of Oncolytic Virus for Successful Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19: 7073. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197073
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