Neutralization of Lipocalin-2 Diminishes Stroke-Reperfusion Injury
1
Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
2
Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35041, Taiwan
3
Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35041, Taiwan
4
Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
5
Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35041, Taiwan
6
Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to the study.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(17), 6253; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176253
Received: 14 August 2020 / Revised: 27 August 2020 / Accepted: 28 August 2020 / Published: 29 August 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates on Mechanisms and Markers of Oxidative Stress in Neurological Diseases)
Oxidative stress is a key contributor to the pathogenesis of stroke-reperfusion injury. Neuroinflammatory peptides released after ischemic stroke mediate reperfusion injury. Previous studies, including ours, have shown that lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is secreted in response to cerebral ischemia to promote reperfusion injury. Genetic deletion of LCN2 significantly reduces brain injury after stroke, suggesting that LCN2 is a mediator of reperfusion injury and a potential therapeutic target. Immunotherapy has the potential to harness neuroinflammatory responses and provides neuroprotection against stroke. Here we report that LCN2 was induced on the inner surface of cerebral endothelial cells, neutrophils, and astrocytes that gatekeep the blood–brain barrier (BBB) after stroke. LCN2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) specifically targeted LCN2 in vitro and in vivo, attenuating the induction of LCN2 and pro-inflammatory mediators (iNOS, IL-6, CCL2, and CCL9) after stroke. Administration of LCN2 mAb at 4 h after stroke significantly reduced neurological deficits, cerebral infarction, edema, BBB leakage, and infiltration of neutrophils. The binding epitope of LCN2 mAb was mapped to the β3 and β4 strands, which are responsible for maintaining the integrity of LCN2 cup-shaped structure. These data indicate that LCN2 can be pharmacologically targeted using a specific mAb to reduce reperfusion injury after stroke.
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Keywords:
Lipocalin-2; stroke; reperfusion injury; oxidative stress; immunotherapy; neutrophils
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MDPI and ACS Style
Wang, G.; Weng, Y.-C.; Chiang, I.-C.; Huang, Y.-T.; Liao, Y.-C.; Chen, Y.-C.; Kao, C.-Y.; Liu, Y.-L.; Lee, T.-H.; Chou, W.-H. Neutralization of Lipocalin-2 Diminishes Stroke-Reperfusion Injury. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 6253.
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