Revisiting Histone Deacetylases in Human Tumorigenesis: The Paradigm of Urothelial Bladder Cancer

Giannopoulou, Aikaterini F.; Velentzas, Athanassios D.; Konstantakou, Eumorphia G.; Avgeris, Margaritis; Katarachia, Stamatia A.; Papandreou, Nikos C.; Kalavros, Nikolas I.; Mpakou, Vassiliki E.; Iconomidou, Vassiliki; Anastasiadou, Ema; Kostakis, Ioannis K.; Papassideri, Issidora S.; Voutsinas, Gerassimos E.; Scorilas, Andreas; Stravopodis, Dimitrios J.

doi:10.3390/ijms20061291

Open AccessReview

Revisiting Histone Deacetylases in Human Tumorigenesis: The Paradigm of Urothelial Bladder Cancer

by

Aikaterini F. Giannopoulou

^1,†,

Athanassios D. Velentzas

^1,†

,

Eumorphia G. Konstantakou

²,

Margaritis Avgeris

³

,

Stamatia A. Katarachia

¹,

Nikos C. Papandreou

¹,

Nikolas I. Kalavros

⁴,

Vassiliki E. Mpakou

¹,

Vassiliki Iconomidou

¹

,

Ema Anastasiadou

⁴,

Ioannis K. Kostakis

⁵

,

Issidora S. Papassideri

¹,

Gerassimos E. Voutsinas

⁶,

Andreas Scorilas

³

and

Dimitrios J. Stravopodis

^1,*

¹

Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece

²

Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Boston, MA 021004, USA

³

Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece

⁴

Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece

⁵

Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece

⁶

Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Rare Disease Genetics, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20(6), 1291; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061291

Submission received: 6 February 2019 / Revised: 7 March 2019 / Accepted: 8 March 2019 / Published: 14 March 2019

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epigenetics of Urological Cancers)

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Abstract

Urinary bladder cancer is a common malignancy, being characterized by substantial patient mortality and management cost. Its high somatic-mutation frequency and molecular heterogeneity usually renders tumors refractory to the applied regimens. Hitherto, methotrexate-vinblastine-adriamycin-cisplatin and gemcitabine-cisplatin represent the backbone of systemic chemotherapy. However, despite the initial chemosensitivity, the majority of treated patients will eventually develop chemoresistance, which severely reduces their survival expectancy. Since chromatin regulation genes are more frequently mutated in muscle-invasive bladder cancer, as compared to other epithelial tumors, targeted therapies against chromatin aberrations in chemoresistant clones may prove beneficial for the disease. “Acetyl-chromatin” homeostasis is regulated by the opposing functions of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). The HDAC/SIRT (super-)family contains 18 members, which are divided in five classes, with each family member being differentially expressed in normal urinary bladder tissues. Since a strong association between irregular HDAC expression/activity and tumorigenesis has been previously demonstrated, we herein attempt to review the accumulated published evidences that implicate HDACs/SIRTs as critical regulators in urothelial bladder cancer. Moreover, the most extensively investigated HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) are also analyzed, and the respective clinical trials are also described. Interestingly, it seems that HDACis should be preferably used in drug-combination therapeutic schemes, including radiation.

Keywords: bladder; cancer; deacetylation; HDAC; inhibitor; therapy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Giannopoulou, A.F.; Velentzas, A.D.; Konstantakou, E.G.; Avgeris, M.; Katarachia, S.A.; Papandreou, N.C.; Kalavros, N.I.; Mpakou, V.E.; Iconomidou, V.; Anastasiadou, E.; et al. Revisiting Histone Deacetylases in Human Tumorigenesis: The Paradigm of Urothelial Bladder Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 1291. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061291

AMA Style

Giannopoulou AF, Velentzas AD, Konstantakou EG, Avgeris M, Katarachia SA, Papandreou NC, Kalavros NI, Mpakou VE, Iconomidou V, Anastasiadou E, et al. Revisiting Histone Deacetylases in Human Tumorigenesis: The Paradigm of Urothelial Bladder Cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(6):1291. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061291

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giannopoulou, Aikaterini F., Athanassios D. Velentzas, Eumorphia G. Konstantakou, Margaritis Avgeris, Stamatia A. Katarachia, Nikos C. Papandreou, Nikolas I. Kalavros, Vassiliki E. Mpakou, Vassiliki Iconomidou, Ema Anastasiadou, and et al. 2019. "Revisiting Histone Deacetylases in Human Tumorigenesis: The Paradigm of Urothelial Bladder Cancer" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 6: 1291. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061291

APA Style

Giannopoulou, A. F., Velentzas, A. D., Konstantakou, E. G., Avgeris, M., Katarachia, S. A., Papandreou, N. C., Kalavros, N. I., Mpakou, V. E., Iconomidou, V., Anastasiadou, E., Kostakis, I. K., Papassideri, I. S., Voutsinas, G. E., Scorilas, A., & Stravopodis, D. J. (2019). Revisiting Histone Deacetylases in Human Tumorigenesis: The Paradigm of Urothelial Bladder Cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(6), 1291. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061291

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Revisiting Histone Deacetylases in Human Tumorigenesis: The Paradigm of Urothelial Bladder Cancer

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