Extracellular Vesicles Containing MicroRNA-92a-3p Facilitate Partial Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Angiogenesis in Endothelial Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Colon Cancer Cells Actively Secrete MiR-92a-3p via EVs
2.2. EVs and MiR-92a-3p Promote Proliferation, Migration, and Tube Formation in HUVECs
2.3. MiR-92a-3p Upregulates Cell-Cycle- and Mitosis-Related Genes and Downregulates Adhesion-Related Genes in HUVECs
2.4. CLDN11 is a Novel Target Gene of MiR-92a-3p
2.5. MiR-92a-3p Induces Partial Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EndoMT) in HUVECs
3. Discussion
- accelerating the cell cycle, including mitosis, which leads to endothelial cell proliferation;
- loosening intercellular adhesions, which promotes migration;
- promoting tube formation through direct regulation of miR-92a-3p target genes, including a newly identified target gene (CLDN11), and indirectly regulating their related genes.
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Culture
4.2. Isolation of Colon Cancer Cell-Derived EVs
4.3. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
4.4. Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA)
4.5. Transfection with MiR-92a-3p, Antisense Inhibitor for MiR-92a-3p (AntagomiR-92a-3p), or Short-Interfering RNA for CLDN11
4.6. RNA Isolation and Quantitative Real-Time PCR
4.7. DNA Microarray Analysis and Data Mining
4.8. Antibodies
4.9. Western Blotting
4.10. Wound Healing Assay
4.11. Tube Formation Assay
4.12. Immunocytochemistry
4.13. Luciferase Assay
4.14. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Gene Name | Symbol | RefSeq ID | Fold Change (miR-92a-3p/Control) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | regulator of G-protein signaling 7 | RGS7 | NM_001282773.1 | 6.940 |
2 | sterile alpha motif domain containing 15 | SAMD15 | NM_001010860.1 | 6.147 |
3 | brain expressed X-linked 1 | BEX1 | NM_018476.3 | 6.144 |
4 | Yip1 interacting factor homolog B, membrane trafficking protein | YIF1B | NM_001145461.1 | 5.812 |
5 | IQ motif containing D | IQCD | XM_011537864.1 | 5.713 |
6 | leukemia NUP98 fusion partner 1 | LNP1 | NM_001085451.1 | 5.566 |
7 | phosphorylase kinase, alpha 2 (liver) | PHKA2 | NM_000292.2 | 5.448 |
8 | olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily T member 1 | OR2T1 | NM_030904.1 | 5.130 |
9 | chromosome 15 open reading frame 48 | C15orf48 | NM_197955.2 | 5.092 |
10 | kinesin family member 15 | KIF15 | NM_020242.2 | 4.765 |
11 | dual adaptor of phosphotyrosine and 3-phosphoinositides | DAPP1 | NM_001306151.1 | 4.626 |
12 | DNA replication and sister chromatid cohesion 1 | DSCC1 | XM_005251065.2 | 4.596 |
13 | proline/serine-rich coiled-coil 1 | PSRC1 | XM_011542306.1 | 4.579 |
14 | glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 2, mitochondrial | GPAT2 | NM_207328.2 | 4.511 |
15 | olfactory receptor, family 10, subfamily G, member 6 | OR10G6 | - | 4.497 |
16 | TYMS opposite strand | TYMSOS | NM_001012716.2 | 4.448 |
17 | apolipoprotein O | APOO | NR_026545.2 | 4.444 |
18 | membrane protein, palmitoylated 3 | MPP3 | XM_006721917.2 | 4.340 |
19 | TNF alpha induced protein 8 like 2 | TNFAIP8L2 | NM_024575.4 | 4.338 |
20 | WD repeat domain 63 | WDR63 | NM_001288563.1 | 4.328 |
21 | pleckstrin | PLEK | NM_002664.2 | 4.324 |
22 | solute carrier family 7 member 14 | SLC7A14 | NM_020949.2 | 4.306 |
23 | MCM3AP antisense RNA 1 | MCM3AP-AS1 | NR_110565.1 | 4.220 |
24 | zinc finger protein 114 | ZNF114 | NM_001301062.1 | 4.210 |
25 | zinc finger RNA binding protein 2 | ZFR2 | NM_015174.1 | 4.188 |
26 | neuralized E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 | NEURL1 | XM_011540334.1 | 4.143 |
27 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 pseudogene 4 | MAPK6PS4 | - | 4.132 |
28 | chromosome 12 open reading frame 76 | C12orf76 | XM_005253882.2 | 4.039 |
29 | zinc finger protein 485 | ZNF485 | XM_011539498.1 | 4.034 |
30 | tripartite motif containing 45 | TRIM45 | XM_011542199.1 | 4.034 |
No. | Gene Name | Symbol | RefSeq ID | Fold Change (miR-92a-3p/Control) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | interleukin 1 receptor like 1 | IL1RL1 | NR_104167.1 | 0.076 |
2 | interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2 | IFIT2 | NM_001547.4 | 0.076 |
3 | thymidine phosphorylase | TYMP | NM_001257989.1 | 0.096 |
4 | MX dynamin like GTPase 2 | MX2 | NM_002463.1 | 0.101 |
5 | keratin 19, type I | KRT19 | NM_002276.4 | 0.104 |
6 | C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 | CXCL10 | NM_001565.3 | 0.117 |
7 | C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11 | CXCL11 | NM_001302123.1 | 0.118 |
8 | radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 | RSAD2 | NM_080657.4 | 0.122 |
9 | mannosidase alpha class 2A member 1 | MAN2A1 | NM_002372.3 | 0.133 |
10 | interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 | IFIT1 | NM_001548.4 | 0.133 |
11 | cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2 | CMPK2 | NR_046236.1 | 0.147 |
12 | complement factor B | CFB | NM_001710.5 | 0.148 |
13 | interferon stimulated exonuclease gene 20kDa | ISG20 | XM_011521521.1 | 0.150 |
14 | indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 | IDO1 | NM_002164.5 | 0.155 |
15 | nidogen 2 | NID2 | XM_005267407.3 | 0.160 |
16 | interferon, gamma-inducible protein 30 | IFI30 | NM_006332.4 | 0.166 |
17 | C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 | CCL5 | NM_001278736.1 | 0.168 |
18 | 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase-like | OASL | NM_001261825.1 | 0.169 |
19 | dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 3 | DKK3 | XM_006718178.2 | 0.170 |
20 | general transcription factor IIE subunit 2 | GTF2E2 | XM_011544510.1 | 0.172 |
21 | beta-2-microglobulin | B2M | NM_004048.2 | 0.174 |
22 | matrix metallopeptidase 10 | MMP10 | NM_002425.2 | 0.174 |
23 | prolyl 3-hydroxylase 3 | P3H3 | NM_014262.4 | 0.179 |
24 | keratin 15, type I | KRT15 | XM_005257345.2 | 0.181 |
25 | interferon induced protein 35 | IFI35 | XM_005257302.3 | 0.191 |
26 | basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor 2 | BATF2 | XM_011544750.1 | 0.194 |
27 | nuclear protein 1, transcriptional regulator | NUPR1 | NM_012385.2 | 0.196 |
28 | interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3 | IFIT3 | NM_001549.5 | 0.197 |
29 | interferon induced transmembrane protein 1 | IFITM1 | NM_003641.3 | 0.198 |
30 | solute carrier family 15 member 3 | SLC15A3 | XM_011545095.1 | 0.199 |
31 | oleoyl-ACP hydrolase | OLAH | XM_006717456.2 | 0.200 |
32 | mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 | MAPKAPK2 | NM_032960.3 | 0.201 |
33 | ISG15 ubiquitin-like modifier | ISG15 | NM_005101.3 | 0.203 |
34 | AXL receptor tyrosine kinase | AXL | NM_001278599.1 | 0.203 |
35 | atypical chemokine receptor 3 | ACKR3 | NM_020311.2 | 0.207 |
36 | complement component 3a receptor 1 | C3AR1 | NM_004054.2 | 0.207 |
37 | MX dynamin like GTPase 1 | MX1 | NM_001144925.2 | 0.208 |
38 | tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 13b | TNFSF13B | XM_005254029.3 | 0.208 |
39 | isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+) | IDH1 | NM_005896.3 | 0.208 |
40 | PDZ domain containing 2 | PDZD2 | NM_178140.3 | 0.210 |
41 | integrin subunit alpha 5 | ITGA5 | NM_002205.3 | 0.214 |
42 | tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 | TACSTD2 | NM_002353.2 | 0.219 |
43 | HLA complex P5 (non-protein coding) | HCP5 | NR_040662.1 | 0.221 |
44 | olfactory receptor family 9 subfamily I member 1 | OR9I1 | NM_001005211.1 | 0.222 |
45 | fibrillin 1 | FBN1 | NM_000138.4 | 0.222 |
46 | phospholipase A1 member A | PLA1A | NM_001293225.1 | 0.223 |
47 | CD69 molecule | CD69 | NM_001781.2 | 0.224 |
48 | integral membrane protein 2B | ITM2B | NM_021999.4 | 0.226 |
49 | DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B9 | DNAJB9 | NM_012328.2 | 0.228 |
50 | scavenger receptor class B member 2 | SCARB2 | NM_001204255.1 | 0.230 |
51 | sterile alpha motif domain containing 9 | SAMD9 | NM_017654.3 | 0.230 |
52 | insulin like growth factor binding protein 6 | IGFBP6 | NM_002178.2 | 0.231 |
53 | claudin 11 | CLDN11 | NM_001185056.1 | 0.232 |
54 | unc-93 homolog B1 (C. elegans) | UNC93B1 | XM_011545291.1 | 0.238 |
55 | FRY microtubule binding protein | FRY | XM_006719749.2 | 0.239 |
56 | myosin VIIA and Rab interacting protein | MYRIP | NR_104316.1 | 0.240 |
57 | selectin E | SELE | NM_000450.2 | 0.240 |
58 | interferon regulatory factor 7 | IRF7 | XM_005252909.2 | 0.244 |
59 | HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 5 | HERC5 | NM_016323.3 | 0.244 |
60 | secreted and transmembrane 1 | SECTM1 | XM_011523588.1 | 0.244 |
61 | laminin subunit gamma 2 | LAMC2 | NM_005562.2 | 0.248 |
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Yamada, N.O.; Heishima, K.; Akao, Y.; Senda, T. Extracellular Vesicles Containing MicroRNA-92a-3p Facilitate Partial Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Angiogenesis in Endothelial Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 4406. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184406
Yamada NO, Heishima K, Akao Y, Senda T. Extracellular Vesicles Containing MicroRNA-92a-3p Facilitate Partial Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Angiogenesis in Endothelial Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(18):4406. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184406
Chicago/Turabian StyleYamada, Nami O., Kazuki Heishima, Yukihiro Akao, and Takao Senda. 2019. "Extracellular Vesicles Containing MicroRNA-92a-3p Facilitate Partial Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Angiogenesis in Endothelial Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 18: 4406. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184406