Leptin and Immunological Profile in Obesity and Its Associated Diseases in Dogs
1
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
2
Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
3
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
4
Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
5
Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20(10), 2392; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20102392
Received: 1 April 2019
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Revised: 6 May 2019
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Accepted: 8 May 2019
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Published: 14 May 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Leptin and Relatives: Molecules at the Crossroad of Inflammation and Immunometabolism)
Growing scientific evidence has unveiled increased incidences of obesity in domestic animals and its influence on a plethora of associated disorders. Leptin, an adipokine regulating body fat mass, represents a key molecule in obesity, able to modulate immune responses and foster chronic inflammatory response in peripheral tissues. High levels of cytokines and inflammatory markers suggest an association between inflammatory state and obesity in dogs, highlighting the parallelism with humans. Canine obesity is a relevant disease always accompanied with several health conditions such as inflammation, immune-dysregulation, insulin resistance, pancreatitis, orthopaedic disorders, cardiovascular disease, and neoplasia. However, leptin involvement in many disease processes in veterinary medicine is poorly understood. Moreover, hyperleptinemia as well as leptin resistance occur with cardiac dysfunction as a consequence of altered cardiac mitochondrial metabolism in obese dogs. Similarly, leptin dysregulation seems to be involved in the pancreatitis pathophysiology. This review aims to examine literature concerning leptin and immunological status in obese dogs, in particular for the aspects related to obesity-associated diseases.
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Keywords:
leptin; dog; obesity; immune function; physiology; human
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MDPI and ACS Style
Cortese, L.; Terrazzano, G.; Pelagalli, A. Leptin and Immunological Profile in Obesity and Its Associated Diseases in Dogs. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 2392. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20102392
AMA Style
Cortese L, Terrazzano G, Pelagalli A. Leptin and Immunological Profile in Obesity and Its Associated Diseases in Dogs. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(10):2392. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20102392
Chicago/Turabian StyleCortese, Laura, Giuseppe Terrazzano, and Alessandra Pelagalli. 2019. "Leptin and Immunological Profile in Obesity and Its Associated Diseases in Dogs" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 10: 2392. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20102392
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