Thirty Minutes of Hypobaric Hypoxia Provokes Alterations of Immune Response, Haemostasis, and Metabolism Proteins in Human Serum
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Atmospheric Profile
2.2. Participants
2.3. Proteome Profiles in 2-DIGE
2.4. Bioinformatic Analysis
2.5. Heat Map
3. Discussion
3.1. Hypoxia Effects
3.2. Proteomics
3.3. Proteomics in High Altitude Research
3.4. Hypoxia Protein Expression in the Present Study
3.5. Coagulation
3.6. Biological Pathways
3.7. Limitations
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
4.2. Simulated Flight in the Pressure Chamber
4.3. Collection and Isolation of Serum Samples
4.4. Depletion of High-Abundant Proteins
4.5. Sample Preparation for 2DE Electrophoresis
4.6. Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (First and Second Dimension)
4.7. Identification of Relevant Protein Spots
4.8. MS Identification of Proteins
4.9. Bioinformatic Analysis of Proteins
4.10. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis
4.11. Protein Interaction and Network Identification
4.12. Reactome
4.13. KEGG
4.14. WebGestalt
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Original Dataset Proteins | GeneMania Predicted Proteins |
---|---|
Pgk1, Cat, Apoe, Clu, F2, Alb, C1qa, C1qb, Ca1, Gapdh | Bola2b, Eda2r, Ptx3, Sod2, Serpind1, C1qc, C1r, C1s, Thbd, Hrg, Apoa1, Fzd2, Lrp8, Cntf, Klk4, Hsph1, Tysnd1, Ptpn11, Cluap1, Kat5 |
Name | Uniprot key | Gene | Function | Location | Pre-hypoxia Mean | Post-hypoxia Mean | p-value | Fold-change | Molecular Weight | pI value | Sequence Coverage | Mascot Score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Catalase | P04040 | CAT | Protection from toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide, aid to cellular growth of e.g. T-cells, B-cells, AML cells, Melanome cells, etc | Cytosol, endoplasmatic reticulum, mitochondria, peroxisome | 0.032 | 0.023 | 0.021 | −1.398 | 59,719 | 6.9 | 63% | 1941 |
Carbonic anhydrase 1 | P00915 | CA1 | Bicarbonate transport, carbon metabolism | Cytosol, exosomes | 0.416 | 0.298 | 0.038 | −1.398 | 28,852 | 6.59 | 75% | 1176 |
Apolipoprotein E | P02649 | APOE | Cholesterol metabolism, Lipid metabolism, Lipid transport, Steroid metabolism, Sterol metabolism, Transport protein | Chylomicron, HDL, VLDL | 0.056 | 0.043 | 0.029 | −1.294 | 36,132 | 5.65 | 69% | 1785 |
Serum Albumine | P02768 | ALB | Binding capacity for water, Ca2+, Na+, K+, 0 fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs, regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood, zinc transporter | Serum, extracellular | 0.474 | 0.381 | 0.007 | −1.245 | 69,321 | 5.92 | 66% | 2262 |
Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 | P00558 | PGK1 | Gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, epithelial cell differentiation | Cytoplasm | 0.021 | 0.017 | 0.033 | −1.203 | 44,586 | 8.3 | 70% | 1539 |
Complement C1q subcomponent subunit B | P02746 | C1QB | Complement activation, innate Immune system, Inner ear development, Proteolysis | Blood microparticle, collagen, complement C1 complex, exosomes | 0.157 | 0.193 | 0.022 | 1.23 | 26,704 | 8.83 | 39% | 686 |
Clusterin | P10909 | CLU | Apoptosis, complement system, immune defence, innate immune system | Cytoplasma, cytoplasmic vescicles, endoplasmatic reticulum, membrane, mitochondria, microsomes, nucleus | 0.663 | 0.84 | 0.014 | 1.267 | 52,461 | 5.85 | 43% | 1407 |
Complement C1q subcomponent subunit B | P02746 | C1QB | Complement activation, innate immune system, inner ear development, proteolysis | Cytosol, endoplasmatic reticulum, mitochondria, peroxisome | 0.095 | 0.132 | 0.047 | 1.38 | 26,704 | 8.83 | 41% | 656 |
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase | P04406 | GAPDH | Oxidoreductase, transferase, apoptose, glycolysis, regulation of translation | Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, membrane, nucleus | 0.019 | 0.027 | 0.004 | 1.393 | 36,030 | 8.57 | 66% | 1113 |
Apolipoprotein E | P02649 | APOE | Cholesterol metabolism, lipid metabolism, lipid transport, steroid metabolism, sterol metabolism, transport protein | Chylomicron, HDL, VLDL | 0.026 | 0.037 | 0.005 | 1.399 | 36,132 | 5.65 | 74% | 1912 |
Apolipoprotein E | P02649 | APOE | Cholesterol metabolism, lipid metabolism, lipid transport, steroid metabolism, sterol metabolism, transport protein | Chylomicron, HDL, VLDL | 0.085 | 0.121 | 0.037 | 1.419 | 36,132 | 5.65 | 65% | 1438 |
Prothrombin | P00734 | F2 | Acute-phase protein, blood coagulation, haemostasis | Extracellular | 0.024 | 0.036 | 0.04 | 1.498 | 69,992 | 5.64 | 38% | 1487 |
Apolipoprotein E | P02649 | APOE | Cholesterol metabolism, lipid metabolism, lipid transport, steroid metabolism, sterol metabolism, transport protein | Chylomicron, HDL, VLDL | 0.026 | 0.041 | 0.028 | 1.588 | 36,132 | 5.65 | 44% | 884 |
Complement C1q subcomponent subunit A | P02745 | C1QA | Complement pathway, immune defence, innate immune system | Collagen, complement C1 complex, exosomes | 0.068 | 0.143 | 0.011 | 2.109 | 26,000 | 9.26 | 20% | 320 |
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Hinkelbein, J.; Jansen, S.; Iovino, I.; Kruse, S.; Meyer, M.; Cirillo, F.; Drinhaus, H.; Hohn, A.; Klein, C.; Robertis, E.D.; et al. Thirty Minutes of Hypobaric Hypoxia Provokes Alterations of Immune Response, Haemostasis, and Metabolism Proteins in Human Serum. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 1882. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18091882
Hinkelbein J, Jansen S, Iovino I, Kruse S, Meyer M, Cirillo F, Drinhaus H, Hohn A, Klein C, Robertis ED, et al. Thirty Minutes of Hypobaric Hypoxia Provokes Alterations of Immune Response, Haemostasis, and Metabolism Proteins in Human Serum. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(9):1882. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18091882
Chicago/Turabian StyleHinkelbein, Jochen, Stefanie Jansen, Ivan Iovino, Sylvia Kruse, Moritz Meyer, Fabrizio Cirillo, Hendrik Drinhaus, Andreas Hohn, Corinna Klein, Edoardo De Robertis, and et al. 2017. "Thirty Minutes of Hypobaric Hypoxia Provokes Alterations of Immune Response, Haemostasis, and Metabolism Proteins in Human Serum" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 9: 1882. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18091882