Can Co-Activation of Nrf2 and Neurotrophic Signaling Pathway Slow Alzheimer’s Disease?
Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Katalin Prokai-Tatrai
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18(6), 1168; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18061168
Received: 25 April 2017 / Revised: 22 May 2017 / Accepted: 27 May 2017 / Published: 31 May 2017
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuroprotective Strategies 2017)
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifaceted disease that is hard to treat by single-modal treatment. AD starts with amyloid peptides, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress and later is accompanied with chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy dysfunction, resulting in more complicated pathogenesis. Currently, few treatments can modify the complicated pathogenic progress of AD. Compared to the treatment with exogenous antioxidants, the activation of global antioxidant defense system via Nrf2 looks more promising in attenuating oxidative stress in AD brains. Accompanying the activation of the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense system that reduce the AD-causative factor, oxidative stress, it is also necessary to activate the neurotrophic signaling pathway that replaces damaged organelles and molecules with new ones. Thus, the dual actions to activate both the Nrf2 antioxidant system and neurotrophic signaling pathway are expected to provide a better strategy to modify AD pathogenesis. Here, we review the current understanding of AD pathogenesis and neuronal defense systems and discuss a possible way to co-activate the Nrf2 antioxidant system and neurotrophic signaling pathway with the hope of helping to find a better strategy to slow AD.
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Keywords:
Alzheimer’s disease; amyloid peptide; mitochondrial damage; oxidative stress; Nrf2; neurotrophic signaling pathway; natural products
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MDPI and ACS Style
Murphy, K.E.; Park, J.J. Can Co-Activation of Nrf2 and Neurotrophic Signaling Pathway Slow Alzheimer’s Disease? Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 1168. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18061168
AMA Style
Murphy KE, Park JJ. Can Co-Activation of Nrf2 and Neurotrophic Signaling Pathway Slow Alzheimer’s Disease? International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(6):1168. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18061168
Chicago/Turabian StyleMurphy, Kelsey E.; Park, Joshua J. 2017. "Can Co-Activation of Nrf2 and Neurotrophic Signaling Pathway Slow Alzheimer’s Disease?" Int. J. Mol. Sci. 18, no. 6: 1168. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18061168
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