Skeletal Muscle Nucleo-Mitochondrial Crosstalk in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editors: Lynnette Ferguson and Virginia R. Parslow
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18(4), 831; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18040831
Received: 28 February 2017
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Revised: 1 April 2017
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Accepted: 8 April 2017
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Published: 14 April 2017
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gene-Diet Interactions in Chronic Diseases)
Skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction, evidenced by incomplete beta oxidation and accumulation of fatty acid intermediates in the form of long and medium chain acylcarnitines, may contribute to ectopic lipid deposition and insulin resistance during high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. The present review discusses the roles of anterograde and retrograde communication in nucleo-mitochondrial crosstalk that determines skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations, specifically alterations in mitochondrial number and function in relation to obesity and insulin resistance. Special emphasis is placed on the effects of high fat diet (HFD) feeding on expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes (NEMGs) nuclear receptor factor 1 (NRF-1) and 2 (NRF-2) and peroxisome proliferator receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) in the onset and progression of insulin resistance during obesity and how HFD-induced alterations in NEMG expression affect skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations in relation to beta oxidation of fatty acids. Finally, the potential ability of acylcarnitines or fatty acid intermediates resulting from mitochondrial beta oxidation to act as retrograde signals in nucleo-mitochondrial crosstalk is reviewed and discussed.
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Keywords:
mitochondria; skeletal muscle; obesity; insulin resistance; high fat diet; PGC1α; NRF-1; NRF-2; TFAM; acylcarnitine; metabolomics
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MDPI and ACS Style
Devarshi, P.P.; McNabney, S.M.; Henagan, T.M. Skeletal Muscle Nucleo-Mitochondrial Crosstalk in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 831. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18040831
AMA Style
Devarshi PP, McNabney SM, Henagan TM. Skeletal Muscle Nucleo-Mitochondrial Crosstalk in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(4):831. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18040831
Chicago/Turabian StyleDevarshi, Prasad P., Sean M. McNabney, and Tara M. Henagan. 2017. "Skeletal Muscle Nucleo-Mitochondrial Crosstalk in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 4: 831. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18040831
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