Neurogenic Effects of Ghrelin on the Hippocampus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Effects of Ghrelin on Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis
3. Role of Ghrelin in Dietary Restriction-Induced Hippocampal Neurogenesis
4. Role of Ghrelin-Induced Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Learning and Memory
5. Multiple Pathways Are Involved in Ghrelin-Induced Proliferation of Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Experimental Models | Key Findings | References |
---|---|---|
C57Bl/6 mice | Ghrelin increased BrdU+ and DCX+ cells. Anti-ghrelin antibody decreased BrdU+ and DCX+ cells. | Moon et al., 2009 [20] |
Ghrelin knockout mice | Targeted deletion of ghrelin gene decreased PCNA+, Ki-67+, BrdU+, BrdU+/DCX+, and BrdU+/NeuN+ cells, which were increased by ghrelin replacement. | Li et al., 2013 [24] |
Spontaneous dwarf rats | Ghrelin increased PCNA+, BrdU+, and DCX+ cells. | Li et al., 2013 [30] |
5XFAD (Alzheimer’s disease model) mice | Ghrelin increased BrdU+, HH3+, and calretinin+ cells. | Moon et al., 2014 [23] |
C57Bl/6 mice | Ghrelin increased BrdU+, BrdU+/DCX+, and BrdU+/NeuN+ cells. | Zhao et al., 2014 [21] |
Ghrelin knockout mice | Dietary restriction increased survival of newly generated cells in wild-type mice, but not in ghrelin knockout mice. | Kim et al., 2015 [39] |
Lister Hooded rats | Ghrelin increased BrdU+, DCX+, and BrdU+/NeuN+ cells. | Kent et al., 2015 [22] |
Adult rat hippocampal neural stem cells | Ghrelin increased 3[H] incorporation. | Johansson et al., 2008 [53] |
Adult rat hippocampal neural stem cells | Ghrelin increased the proliferation through the activation of GHS-R1a. MEK/ERK1/2, PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β, PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K, and Jaks/STAT3 signaling pathways were involved in ghrelin-induced proliferative effects. | Chung et al., 2013 [54] |
Adult rat hippocampal neural stem cells | Ghrelin increased expression of genes that promote the cell cycle, while inhibiting expression of negative regulators of the cell cycle. | Chung and Park, 2016 [58] |
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Kim, C.; Kim, S.; Park, S. Neurogenic Effects of Ghrelin on the Hippocampus. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 588. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18030588
Kim C, Kim S, Park S. Neurogenic Effects of Ghrelin on the Hippocampus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(3):588. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18030588
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Chanyang, Sehee Kim, and Seungjoon Park. 2017. "Neurogenic Effects of Ghrelin on the Hippocampus" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 3: 588. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18030588