Metabolic Responses of Poplar to Apripona germari (Hope) as Revealed by Metabolite Profiling
by
Lijuan Wang 1,2,†, Liangjian Qu 3,†, Liwei Zhang 4, Jianjun Hu 1,2, Fang Tang 1,2 and Mengzhu Lu 1,2,*
Lijuan Wang 1,2,†, Liangjian Qu 3,†, Liwei Zhang 4, Jianjun Hu 1,2, Fang Tang 1,2 and Mengzhu Lu 1,2,*
1
State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
2
Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
3
The Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
4
Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Academic Editor: Ute Roessner
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17(6), 923; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17060923
Received: 18 April 2016 / Revised: 15 May 2016 / Accepted: 20 May 2016 / Published: 20 June 2016
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolomics in the Plant Sciences)
Plants have developed biochemical responses to adapt to biotic stress. To characterize the resistance mechanisms in poplar tree against Apripona germari, comprehensive metabolomic changes of poplar bark and xylem in response to A. germari infection were examined by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC–TOF/MS). It was found that, four days after feeding (stage I), A. germari infection brought about changes in various metabolites, such as phenolics, amino acids and sugars in both bark and xylem. Quinic acid, epicatechin, epigallocatechin and salicin might play a role in resistance response in bark, while coniferyl alcohol, ferulic acid and salicin contribute resistance in xylem. At feeding stages II when the larvae fed for more than one month, fewer defensive metabolites were induced, but levels of many intermediates of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were reduced, especially in xylem. These results suggested that the defense strategies against A. germari might depend mainly on the early defense responses in poplar. In addition, it was found that bark and xylem in infected trees accumulated higher levels of salicylic acid and 4-aminobutyric acid, respectively, these tissues displaying a direct and systemic reaction against A. germari. However, the actual role of the two metabolites in A. germari-induced defense in poplar requires further investigation.
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Keywords:
induced resistance; poplar; insects; Apripona germari; metabolomics
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MDPI and ACS Style
Wang, L.; Qu, L.; Zhang, L.; Hu, J.; Tang, F.; Lu, M. Metabolic Responses of Poplar to Apripona germari (Hope) as Revealed by Metabolite Profiling. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 923.
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