Mechanism of Mitochondrial Connexin43′s Protection of the Neurovascular Unit under Acute Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Cerebral Infarct Volume after MCAO in Different Groups
2.2. Neurological Deficit Scores after MCAO
2.3. Ultrastructural Damage of the Cell Mitochondria under Transmission Electron Microscopy
2.4. Effect of Interference on Nerovascular Unit Apoptosis Following IR Injury
2.5. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity and Malondialdehyde (MDA) Content
2.6. Expression of mtCx43, p-mtCx43, PKCε, and p-PKCε
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Animals
4.3. MCAO Model
4.4. Neurological Evaluation
4.5. TTC Staining
4.6. Mitochondria Isolation
4.7. Analysis of Mitochondrial Ultrastructure by TEM
4.8. TUNEL Staining in Cortical Neurovascular Unit Apoptosis
4.9. Detection of SOD Activity and MDA Content
4.10. Western Blot Analysis
4.11. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
I/R | ischemia-reperfusion |
Cx43 | connexin 43 |
mtCx43 | mitochondrial connexin 43 |
GJ | gap junction |
K-ATP | ATP-sensitive potassium channel |
mitoKATP | mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel |
sarcKATP | sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive potassium channel |
5-HD | 5-hydroxydecanoic acid |
CBX | carbenoxolone |
DZX | diazoxide |
PMA | phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate |
Ro | Ro-31-8425 |
PKA | protein kinase A |
PKC | protein kinase C |
MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
MCAO | middle cerebral artery occlusion |
AI | apoptosis index |
DAPI | 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole |
ROS | reactive oxygen species |
SOD | superoxide dismutase |
MDA | malondialdehyde |
TEM | transmission electron microscopy |
TUNEL | transferase dUTP nick end labeling |
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Group (n = 6) | SOD Activity (U/mg Protein) | MDA Content (mmol/mg Protein) |
---|---|---|
Sham | 118.9 ± 2.3 | 6.1 ± 0.3 |
IR | 91.0 ± 2.5 a | 10.8 ± 0.6 a |
CBX | 136.3 ± 2.2 b | 8.1 ± 0.3 b |
DZX | 183.7 ± 3.1 b | 8.9 ± 0.3 b |
DZX + Ro | 120.5 ± 0.2 c | 10.7 ± 0.6 c |
5-HD + PMA | 141.2 ± 2.3 d | 9.1 ± 0.3 d |
5-HD | 100.3 ± 3.1 c | 9.8 ± 0.3 c |
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Hou, S.; Shen, P.-P.; Zhao, M.-M.; Liu, X.-P.; Xie, H.-Y.; Deng, F.; Feng, J.-C. Mechanism of Mitochondrial Connexin43′s Protection of the Neurovascular Unit under Acute Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 679. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17050679
Hou S, Shen P-P, Zhao M-M, Liu X-P, Xie H-Y, Deng F, Feng J-C. Mechanism of Mitochondrial Connexin43′s Protection of the Neurovascular Unit under Acute Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17(5):679. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17050679
Chicago/Turabian StyleHou, Shuai, Ping-Ping Shen, Ming-Ming Zhao, Xiu-Ping Liu, Hong-Yan Xie, Fang Deng, and Jia-Chun Feng. 2016. "Mechanism of Mitochondrial Connexin43′s Protection of the Neurovascular Unit under Acute Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, no. 5: 679. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17050679