Elevated Expression of Calpain-4 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients with Gastric Cancer after Gastrectomy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Expression of Calpain-4 Was High in Gastric Cancer
2.2. Immunohistochemical Findings and Association between Calpain-4 Expression and Clinicopathologic Characteristics in Patients with Gastric Cancer
2.3. Association between Calpain-4 Expression and Prognosis of Patients with Gastric Cancer
2.4. Predictive Nomogram for Overall Survival of Patients with Gastric Cancer
2.5. Knockdown of Calpain-4 Expression Reduced the Invasiveness of Gastric Cacner Cell in Vitro
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Primary Gastric Cancer Samples
4.2. Cell Lines
4.3. Western Blotting
4.4. Quantitative Real-Time PCR
4.5. Immunohistochemistry
4.6. TCGA Dataset
4.7. In Vitro Invasion Assays
4.8. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Calpain-4 Expression | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | No. | Low | High | p-Value * |
No. (%) | No. (%) | |||
Gender | ||||
Male | 112 | 45 (40.2) | 67 (59.8) | 0.666 |
Female | 62 | 27 (43.5) | 35 (56.5) | |
Age | ||||
<60 | 84 | 32 (38.1) | 52 (61.9) | 0.395 |
≥60 | 90 | 40 (44.4) | 50 (55.6) | |
Tumor site | ||||
Cardia | 25 | 14 (56.0) | 11 (44.0) | 0.219 |
Body | 38 | 13 (34.2) | 25 (65.8) | |
Antrum | 111 | 45 (40.5) | 66 (59.5) | |
Lauren type | ||||
Intestinal | 109 | 47 (43.1) | 62 (56.9) | 0.808 |
Mixture | 12 | 5 (41.7) | 7 (58.3) | |
Diffuse | 53 | 20 (37.7) | 33 (62.3) | |
Differentiation | ||||
Well/Moderately | 34 | 17 (50.0) | 17 (50.0) | 0.255 |
Poorly | 140 | 55 (39.3) | 85 (60.7) | |
Vessel invasion | ||||
Positive | 37 | 9 (24.3) | 28 (75.7) | 0.018 |
Negative | 137 | 63 (46.0) | 74 (54.0) | |
T stage | ||||
T1–T2 | 43 | 23 (53.5) | 20 (46.5) | 0.063 |
T3–T4 | 131 | 49 (37.4) | 82 (62.6) | |
Lymph node metastasis | ||||
Positive | 62 | 12 (19.4) | 50 (80.6) | <0.001 |
Negative | 112 | 60 (53.6) | 52 (46.4) | |
Distant metastasis | ||||
M1 | 9 | 1 (11.1) | 8 (88.9) | 0.122 |
M0 | 165 | 71 (43.0) | 94 (57.0) | |
TNM stage | ||||
I | 34 | 21 (61.8) | 13 (38.2) | 0.006 |
II | 39 | 19 (48.7) | 20 (51.3) | |
III | 92 | 31 (33.7) | 61 (66.3) | |
IV | 9 | 1 (11.1) | 8 (88.9) |
Variables | Univariate | ||
---|---|---|---|
HR | 95% CI | p-Value | |
Gender | |||
Male vs. female | 0.866 | 0.541–1.385 | 0.547 |
Age (years) | |||
≥60 vs. <60 | 1.436 | 0.923–2.235 | 0.108 |
Tumor site | |||
Cardia + body vs. antrum | 1.440 | 0.905–2.290 | 0.124 |
Lauren type | |||
Diffuse + mixture vs. intestinal | 1.029 | 0.642–1.651 | 0.905 |
Differentiation | |||
Poorly vs. well/moderately | 1.264 | 0.725–2.200 | 0.409 |
Vessel invasion | |||
Positive vs. negative | 1.861 | 1.052–3.293 | 0.033 |
T stage | |||
T3–T4 vs. T1–T2 | 2.923 | 1.791–4.772 | <0.001 |
Lymph node metastasis | |||
Positive vs. negative | 4.838 | 2.923–8.007 | <0.001 |
Distant metastasis | |||
M1 vs. M0 | 14.93 | 4.203–53.01 | <0.001 |
TNM stage | |||
III–IV vs. I–II | 3.376 | 2.166–5.261 | <0.001 |
Calpain-4 expression | |||
High vs. low | 2.594 | 1.664–4.043 | <0.001 |
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Peng, P.; Min, L.; Song, S.; Zhao, J.; Li, L.; Yang, C.; Shao, M.; Zhang, M.; Wu, H.; Zhang, J.; et al. Elevated Expression of Calpain-4 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients with Gastric Cancer after Gastrectomy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 1612. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17101612
Peng P, Min L, Song S, Zhao J, Li L, Yang C, Shao M, Zhang M, Wu H, Zhang J, et al. Elevated Expression of Calpain-4 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients with Gastric Cancer after Gastrectomy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17(10):1612. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17101612
Chicago/Turabian StylePeng, Peike, Lingqiang Min, Shushu Song, Junjie Zhao, Lili Li, Caiting Yang, Miaomiao Shao, Mingming Zhang, Hao Wu, Jie Zhang, and et al. 2016. "Elevated Expression of Calpain-4 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients with Gastric Cancer after Gastrectomy" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, no. 10: 1612. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17101612