Identification of Resistance to Wet Bubble Disease and Genetic Diversity in Wild and Cultivated Strains of Agaricus bisporus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Identification of WBD Resistance in A. bisporus Strains
2.2. Assessment of Genetic Diversity in A. bisporus Using New SSR Markers
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. M. perniciosa and A. bisporus Strains
4.2. Evaluation of A. bisporus Strains for Resistance to WBD under Controlled Environmental Conditions
4.3. Identification of the Pathogen Using Koch’s Postulates
4.4. Development of SSR Markers for A. bisporus
4.5. Identification of Genetic Diversity for the 28 A. bisporus Strains
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
WBD | Wet Bubble Disease |
SSR | Simple Sequence Repeat |
HS | High Susceptible |
MR | Middle Resistant |
HR | High Resistant |
ITS | Internal Transcribed Spacers |
PCR | Polymerase Chain Reaction |
QTL | Quantitative Trait Locus |
MISA | MIcroSAtellite |
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Strain Name | Original Reference | Origin | Pileus Color | Strain Types | Resistance Level a |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CCMJ1009 | A15 | America | White | Cultivated strain | HS |
CCMJ1013 | As2796 | Fujian, China | White | Cultivated strain | HS |
CCMJ1020 | ZA | Germany | White | Cultivated strain | HS |
CCMJ1021 | S130A | America | White | Cultivated strain | HS |
CCMJ1022 | As4580 | Fujian, China | White | Cultivated strain | HS |
CCMJ1028 | S46 | Fujian, China | White | Cultivated strain | HS |
CCMJ1033 | C13 | America | Brown | Cultivated strain | HR |
CCMJ1035 | 72 | America | White | Cultivated strain | HS |
CCMJ1037 | U1 | The Netherlands | White | Cultivated strain | HS |
CCMJ1038 | PSU310 | America | White | Cultivated strain | HS |
CCMJ1039 | 126 | The Netherlands | White | Cultivated strain | MR |
CCMJ1053 | M-1 | Spain | White | Cultivated strain | MR |
CCMJ1106 | 2094 | Tibet, China | Brown | Wild stain | HR |
CCMJ1109 | Ag23 | England | White | Cultivated strain | HS |
CCMJ1110 | Dashan I | Shanxi, China | Brown | Wild stain | HS |
CCMJ1343 | W192 | Fujian, China | White | Cultivated strain | HS |
CCMJ1347 | T12387 | Yunnan, China | White | Wild stain | HR |
CCMJ1350 | W1 | Sichuan, China | Brown | Wild stain | HS |
CCMJ1351 | W2 | Sichuan, China | Brown | Wild stain | HR |
CCMJ1352 | A12 | America | White | Cultivated strain | HS |
CCMJ1360 | W3 | Sichuan, China | Brown | Wild stain | HR |
CCMJ1361 | W4 | Sichuan, China | Brown | Wild stain | HR |
CCMJ1363 | W5 | Sichuan, China | Brown | Wild stain | HR |
CCMJ1369 | W6 | Sichuan, China | Brown | Wild stain | HR |
CCMJ1372 | W7 | Sichuan, China | Brown | Wild stain | HR |
CCMJ1377 | W8 | Sichuan, China | Brown | Wild stain | HR |
CCMJ1381 | W9 | Sichuan, China | Brown | Wild stain | HR |
CCMJ1384 | W10 | Sichuan, China | Brown | Wild stain | HS |
Locus | SSR motif | Primer Sequence (5′–3′) | Ta (°C) | Na | Ne | Ho | He | PIC | I |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AbSSR05 | (GATGAG)6 | F-CTCTGGGATATGGACGAGGA R-CCTCTTCACCTTGACCCTCA | 56 | 5 | 3.2197 | 0.5 | 0.702 | 0.635 | 1.3177 |
AbSSR08 | (TGG)8 | F-GTAATGCTCCCGCTGTTGAT R-TCCGCTGTTCTTCCAACTCT | 56 | 4 | 2.3939 | 0.107 | 0.593 | 0.531 | 1.0785 |
AbSSR10 | (CCA)8 | F-GAAGAATCACGGGTGAAGGA R-GAGGGCGATGTGACAGTTTT | 56 | 8 | 6.1455 | 0.423 | 0.854 | 0.816 | 1.905 |
AbSSR14 | (TACC)6 | F-GGCAATCGGAAAGAACAAAA R-GCAGAGAACCATCCTCAACG | 56 | 7 | 4.2757 | 0.333 | 0.781 | 0.73 | 1.6081 |
AbSSR15 | (TA)6 | F-GACTGCCTGATTGACGGATT R-TCCGACTCCGACATCCTATC | 56 | 6 | 4.2609 | 0.393 | 0.779 | 0.729 | 1.5613 |
AbSSR17 | (CA)6 | F-GGACGAACTTATGCCGTGTT R-GGCACAGCCTGAGAGAGAAG | 56 | 2 | 1.6897 | 0 | 0.416 | 0.325 | 0.5983 |
AbSSR18 | (GA)7 | F-CTCGAGTCGACGAAGGAAAC R-TCCTCGGTTTCGACTGTACC | 56 | 5 | 2.9418 | 0.786 | 0.672 | 0.611 | 1.2567 |
AbSSR28 | (TC)12 | F-TGTCTGGTTTTGCTCACGTC R-TCAGCACACTTAATCGCACA | 56 | 4 | 2.5331 | 0.321 | 0.616 | 0.539 | 1.058 |
AbSSR47 | (CA)8 | F-CATCGGAATCTGAGCTGTCA R-TGTGTCAAAAGTGGGTCCAA | 56 | 4 | 3.0519 | 0.308 | 0.686 | 0.607 | 1.1893 |
AbSSR52 | (CAT)6 | F-TGGCTCTTTACAGCCTTGGT R-TGCAGATGTGGTAGGAGTTTTG | 56 | 6 | 3.3212 | 0.556 | 0.712 | 0.654 | 1.4004 |
AbSSR75 | (CAA)7 | F-CGTCCAACATCAACGTCAAC R-GTGTACATCCCCTCGTCGTC | 56 | 6 | 5.0827 | 0.5 | 0.819 | 0.775 | 1.7012 |
AbSSR85 | (CGT)5 | F-GACTGTTGACGTTTCGGGTT R-CAACGATGACCCGTTTTCTT | 56 | 3 | 2.1189 | 0 | 0.538 | 0.421 | 0.8165 |
AbSSR87 | (CCT)6 | F-CAGTCGCACTCGAAATCGTA R-TTGTTGAGTGAGGCATCGAG | 56 | 5 | 1.6309 | 0.308 | 0.394 | 0.361 | 0.7984 |
AbSSR89 | (CAT)7 | F-GATAGCTCCTGGTCACCGTC R-CTGGCTTCAAGAAGCGTACC | 56 | 6 | 4.0412 | 0.214 | 0.766 | 0.713 | 1.5111 |
AbSSR111 | (GAG)12 | F-TGTCGATTGCGTCTTCTTTG R-CGCCTCGTTTCTCTACTTCG | 56 | 7 | 4.2151 | 0.536 | 0.777 | 0.728 | 1.6399 |
AbSSR112 | (CAC)5 | F-TCACCCTCACTCAAACTCCC R-TCTCATCCGGTTCAACAACA | 56 | 3 | 2.8403 | 0 | 0.661 | 0.573 | 1.0695 |
AbSSR159 | (GAA)6 | F-CGACCCATCATCAACTTCCT R-AACGAGGGAAAGGTCGATTT | 56 | 7 | 4.8246 | 0.143 | 0.807 | 0.763 | 1.697 |
Mean | 5.1765 | 3.4463 | 0.3193 | 0.6807 | 0.6183 | 1.3063 |
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Share and Cite
Fu, Y.; Wang, X.; Li, D.; Liu, Y.; Song, B.; Zhang, C.; Wang, Q.; Chen, M.; Zhang, Z.; Li, Y. Identification of Resistance to Wet Bubble Disease and Genetic Diversity in Wild and Cultivated Strains of Agaricus bisporus. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 1568. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17101568
Fu Y, Wang X, Li D, Liu Y, Song B, Zhang C, Wang Q, Chen M, Zhang Z, Li Y. Identification of Resistance to Wet Bubble Disease and Genetic Diversity in Wild and Cultivated Strains of Agaricus bisporus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17(10):1568. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17101568
Chicago/Turabian StyleFu, Yongping, Xinxin Wang, Dan Li, Yuan Liu, Bing Song, Chunlan Zhang, Qi Wang, Meiyuan Chen, Zhiwu Zhang, and Yu Li. 2016. "Identification of Resistance to Wet Bubble Disease and Genetic Diversity in Wild and Cultivated Strains of Agaricus bisporus" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, no. 10: 1568. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17101568