Exposure to Non-Extreme Solar UV Daylight: Spectral Characterization, Effects on Skin and Photoprotection
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Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
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Oréal Research and Innovation, 188-200 rue Paul Hochart, 94550 Chevilly-Larue, France
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Academic Editor: Terrence Piva
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16(1), 68-90; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms16010068
Received: 20 November 2014
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Accepted: 17 December 2014
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Published: 23 December 2014
(This article belongs to the Collection Radiation Toxicity in Cells)
The link between chronic sun exposure of human skin and harmful clinical consequences such as photo-aging and skin cancers is now indisputable. These effects are mostly due to ultraviolet (UV) rays (UVA, 320–400 nm and UVB, 280–320 nm). The UVA/UVB ratio can vary with latitude, season, hour, meteorology and ozone layer, leading to different exposure conditions. Zenithal sun exposure (for example on a beach around noon under a clear sky) can rapidly induce visible and well-characterized clinical consequences such as sunburn, predominantly induced by UVB. However, a limited part of the global population is exposed daily to such intense irradiance and until recently little attention has been paid to solar exposure that does not induce any short term clinical impact. This paper will review different studies on non-extreme daily UV exposures with: (1) the characterization and the definition of the standard UV daylight and its simulation in the laboratory; (2) description of the biological and clinical effects of such UV exposure in an in vitro reconstructed human skin model and in human skin in vivo, emphasizing the contribution of UVA rays and (3) analysis of photoprotection approaches dedicated to prevent the harmful impact of such UV exposure.
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Keywords:
ultraviolet; skin; UV daylight; daily ultraviolet radiation; solar exposure; human skin; reconstructed skin; photoprotection; sunscreen
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MDPI and ACS Style
Marionnet, C.; Tricaud, C.; Bernerd, F. Exposure to Non-Extreme Solar UV Daylight: Spectral Characterization, Effects on Skin and Photoprotection. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 68-90. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms16010068
AMA Style
Marionnet C, Tricaud C, Bernerd F. Exposure to Non-Extreme Solar UV Daylight: Spectral Characterization, Effects on Skin and Photoprotection. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2015; 16(1):68-90. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms16010068
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarionnet, Claire, Caroline Tricaud, and Françoise Bernerd. 2015. "Exposure to Non-Extreme Solar UV Daylight: Spectral Characterization, Effects on Skin and Photoprotection" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16, no. 1: 68-90. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms16010068
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