Immunomodulating Activity of Aronia melanocarpa Polyphenols
1
School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
2
Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research—Bioforsk Vest Særheim, Postvegen 213, N-4353 Klepp station, Norway
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15(7), 11626-11636; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms150711626
Received: 19 May 2014 / Revised: 18 June 2014 / Accepted: 20 June 2014 / Published: 30 June 2014
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Phenolics and Polyphenols)
The immunomodulating effects of isolated proanthocyanidin-rich fractions, procyanidins C1, B5 and B2 and anthocyanins of Aronia melanocarpa were investigated. In this work, the complement-modulating activities, the inhibitory activities on nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and effects on cell viability of these polyphenols were studied. Several of the proanthocyanidin-rich fractions, the procyanidins C1, B5 and B2 and the cyanidin aglycone possessed strong complement-fixing activities. Cyanidin 3-glucoside possessed stronger activity than the other anthocyanins. Procyanidins C1, B5 and B2 and proanthocyanidin-rich fractions having an average degree of polymerization (PD) of 7 and 34 showed inhibitory activities on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. All, except for the fraction containing proanthocyanidins with PD 34, showed inhibitory effects without affecting cell viability. This study suggests that polyphenolic compounds of A. melanocarpa may have beneficial effects as immunomodulators and anti-inflammatory agents.
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Keywords:
Aronia melanocarpa; anthocyanins; procyanidins; complement system; macrophages; nitric oxide; immunomodulation
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MDPI and ACS Style
Ho, G.T.T.; Bräunlich, M.; Austarheim, I.; Wangensteen, H.; Malterud, K.E.; Slimestad, R.; Barsett, H. Immunomodulating Activity of Aronia melanocarpa Polyphenols. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 11626-11636.
AMA Style
Ho GTT, Bräunlich M, Austarheim I, Wangensteen H, Malterud KE, Slimestad R, Barsett H. Immunomodulating Activity of Aronia melanocarpa Polyphenols. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2014; 15(7):11626-11636.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHo, Giang T.T.; Bräunlich, Marie; Austarheim, Ingvild; Wangensteen, Helle; Malterud, Karl E.; Slimestad, Rune; Barsett, Hilde. 2014. "Immunomodulating Activity of Aronia melanocarpa Polyphenols" Int. J. Mol. Sci. 15, no. 7: 11626-11636.
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