Inhibition of Autophagy Potentiates Atorvastatin-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Bladder Cancer Cells in Vitro
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Results
2.1.1. Cytotoxic Effects of Atorvastatin against T24 Human Bladder Cancer Cells
2.1.2. Autophagy Induction by Atorvastatin Treatment in T24 Human Bladder Cancer Cells
2.1.3. Autophagy Inhibition Enhances Atorvastatin-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death in T24 Bladder Cancer Cells
2.1.4. Inhibition of Autophagy Induced by Atorvastatin Improves Atorvastatin-Induced Apoptosis in J82 Bladder Cancer Cells
2.2. Discussion
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Cell Lines and Culture
3.2. Reagents
3.3. Cell Viability Assay
3.4. Immunocytochemistry
3.5. Western Blot Analysis
3.6. Flow Cytometric Analysis
3.7. Clonogenic (Colony Formation) Assay
3.8. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Information
ijms-15-08106-s001.pdfConflicts of Interest
- Author ContributionsStudy conception and design: Minyong Kang, Chang Wook Jeong, Ja Hyeon Ku, and Cheol Kwak; Acquisition of data: Minyong Kang. Analysis and interpretation of data: Minyong Kang, Chang Wook Jeong, Ja Hyeon Ku, Cheol Kwak and Hyeon Hoe Kim; Drafting the manuscript: Minyong Kang; Critical revision: Minyong Kang and Hyeon Hoe Kim.
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Kang, M.; Jeong, C.W.; Ku, J.H.; Kwak, C.; Kim, H.H. Inhibition of Autophagy Potentiates Atorvastatin-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Bladder Cancer Cells in Vitro. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 8106-8121. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15058106
Kang M, Jeong CW, Ku JH, Kwak C, Kim HH. Inhibition of Autophagy Potentiates Atorvastatin-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Bladder Cancer Cells in Vitro. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2014; 15(5):8106-8121. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15058106
Chicago/Turabian StyleKang, Minyong, Chang Wook Jeong, Ja Hyeon Ku, Cheol Kwak, and Hyeon Hoe Kim. 2014. "Inhibition of Autophagy Potentiates Atorvastatin-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Bladder Cancer Cells in Vitro" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 15, no. 5: 8106-8121. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15058106