Characterization of High-Value Bioactives in Some Selected Varieties of Pakistani Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Rice Oil Yield
2.2. Fatty Acid (FA) Contents of Rice
2.3. Phytosterols Content of Rice
2.4. Tocopherols
2.5. γ-Oryzanol
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Collection of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Samples
3.2. Rice Lipids Extraction
3.3. Fatty Acids Composition
3.4. Sterol Composition
3.4.1. Saponification
3.4.2. Solid-Phase Extraction and Purification of Sterol Fraction
3.4.3. Silylation
3.5. Tocopherol Composition
3.6. Oryzanol Composition
3.7. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
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Varieties | C 14:0 | C 16:0 | C 18:0 | C 18:1 | C 18:2 | C 18:3 | C 20:1 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basmati Super | 156 ± 8 c | 3613 ± 224 c | 918 ± 65 d | 7207 ± 360 cd | 6211 ± 310 ab | 1063 ± 53 c | 352 ± 17 g | 19520 ± 976 c |
Basmati 515 | 150 ± 7 d | 4216 ± 274 bc | 1198 ± 53 b | 7939 ± 396 bcd | 5971 ± 298 de | 749 ± 37 d | 1177 ± 59 a | 21400 ± 1070 bc |
Basmati 198 | 179 ± 9 c | 4484 ± 205 ab | 1300 ± 49 b | 7892 ± 394 d | 6569 ± 328 cde | 1256 ± 63 c | 740 ± 37 c | 22420 ± 1121 b |
Basmati 385 | 205 ± 11 c | 5489 ± 205 a | 1077 ± 48 e | 10952 ± 547 a | 7875 ± 393 bc | 51 ± 3 f | - | 25650 ± 1285 a |
Basmati 2000 | 122 ± 6 e | 4107 ± 189 ab | 996 ± 48 cd | 8417 ± 420 a | 6201 ± 310 bc | 61 ± 3 f | 427 ± 21 f | 20330 ± 1016 bc |
Irri 6 | 137 ± 7 d | 3797 ± 189 bc | 978 ± 55 cd | 7495 ± 374 bc | 6497 ± 324 a | 372 ± 19 e | 294 ± 14 h | 19570 ± 980 c |
KSK 133 | 213 ± 11 b | 3954 ± 197 ab | 969 ± 52 c | 6841 ± 342 d | 5620 ± 281 cde | 1143 ± 57 b | 640 ± 32 d | 19380 ± 965 c |
KS 282 | 140 ± 7 d | 3990 ± 199 ab | 1117 ± 80 b | 7042 ± 352 b | 5925 ± 296 d | 1197 ± 60 bcd | 539 ± 27 e | 19950 ± 990 bc |
Basmati 370 | 128 ± 6 d | 3575 ± 178 bc | 1058 ± 71 b | 7278 ± 363 ab | 5454 ± 272 bcd | 310 ± 15 e | 438 ± 22 e | 18240 ± 912 c |
Basmati Pak | 388 ± 20 a | 4961 ± 248 bc | 1602 ± 95 a | 9328 ± 466 cd | 7028 ± 351 e | 1550 ± 77 a | 982 ± 50 b | 25840 ± 1292 a |
Varieties | Stigmasterol | Stigmastanol | β-Sitosterol | Campesterol | Δ5-avenasterol | Δ7-avenasterol | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basmati Super | 94.8 ± 4.8 e | 31.7 ± 1.5 e | 489.6 ± 24.4 bcd | 172.3 ± 7.6 b | 152.7 ± 7.6 d | 51.6 ± 2.6 e | 905.7 ± 45 de |
Basmati 515 | 148.5 ± 7.4 fg | 48.0 ± 2.4 g | 493.2 ± 25.0 efg | 161.4 ± 8.9 c | 178.7 ± 8.9 d | 50.0 ± 2.5 d | 932.7 ± 46 d |
Basmati 198 | 151.7 ± 7.6 b | 33.2 ± 1.6 d | 584.9 ± 29.1 ab | 186.2 ± 7.2 b | 144.7 ± 7.2 b | 42.2 ± 2.1 a | 1142.7 ± 58 c |
Basmati 385 | 158.3 ± 8.0 gh | 65.7 ± 3.2 c | 590.9 ± 23.7 fg | 210.7 ± 9.1 d | 183.7 ± 9.2 c | 71.0 ± 3.5 d | 1050.6 ± 52 c |
Basmati 2000 | 134.0 ± 6.7 a | 21.9 ± 1.1 b | 473.4 ± 22.3 a | 162.6 ± 5.8 a | 117.4 ± 5.8 a | 31.1 ± 1.5 b | 1040.0 ± 53 c |
Irri 6 | 75.3 ± 3.5 h | 73.9 ± 3.7 h | 446.2 ± 23.6 g | 144.9 ± 6.1 e | 123.4 ± 6.1 e | 82.2 ± 4.1 f | 739.4 ± 37 f |
KSK 133 | 124.8 ± 6.2 ef | 69.5 ± 3.4 g | 472.2 ± 24.0 cde | 116.5 ± 5.3 d | 89.4 ± 4.4 e | 67.4 ± 3.3 e | 827.2 ± 41 e |
KS 282 | 154.9 ± 7.7 d | 56.0 ± 2.8 f | 478.1 ± 22.2 def | 139.2 ± 7.3 d | 102.3 ± 5.1 d | 60.0 ± 3.0 e | 853.9 ± 42 de |
Basmati 370 | 160.3 ± 8.0 c | 19.1 ± 1.0 c | 445.4 ± 21.3 cde | 154.6 ± 9.2 b | 108.4 ± 5.4 b | 45.8 ± 2.3 c | 865.8 ± 44 de |
Basmati Pak | 181.0 ± 9.1 b | 34.0 ± 1.7 a | 656.3 ± 32.8 abc | 242.1 ± 12.1 a | 174.8 ± 8.7 a | 36.1 ± 1.8 cd | 1323.4 ± 66 a |
Varieties | α-Tocopherol | γ-Tocopherol | δ-Tocopherol | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
Basmati Super | 72.3 ± 2.8 ab | 27.5 ± 1.2 ab | 12.1 ± 0.6 c | 111.9 ± 6 a |
Basmati 515 | 58.2 ± 2.4 c | 25.6 ± 1.3 bc | 10.5 ± 0.5 e | 94.3 ± 5 b |
Basmati 198 | 69.0 ± 3.2 b | 28.1 ± 1.4 a | 11.5 ± 0.5 cd | 108.6 ± 5 a |
Basmati 385 | 61.2 ± 2.4 c | 22.5 ± 1.1 de | 8.5 ± 0.3 f | 92.2 ± 4 b |
Basmati 2000 | 57.2 ± 2.1 c | 27.5 ± 1.3 ab | 10.7 ± 0.5 de | 95.4 ± 4 b |
Irri 6 | 39.0 ± 2.0 f | 21.6 ± 1.0 e | 6.5 ± 0.3 g | 67.1 ± 3 d |
KSK 133 | 41.2 ± 1.9 ef | 24.2 ± 1.2 cd | 9.0 ± 0.4 f | 74.4 ± 3 c |
KS 282 | 45.2 ± 2.0 e | 20.5 ± 1.0 e | 14.2 ± 0.6 b | 79.9 ± 4 c |
Basmati 370 | 51.2 ± 2.7 d | 26.7 ± 1.3 ab | 16.5 ± 0.5 a | 94.4 ± 4 b |
Basmati Pak | 76.1 ± 3.1 a | 25.75 ± 1.2 bc | 13.7 ± 0.6 b | 115.5 ± 6 a |
Varieties | Cycloartenyl Ferulate | 24-Methylene Cycloartanyl Ferulate | Campesteryl Ferulate | β-Sitosteryl Ferulate | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basmati Super | 82.2 ± 2.1 d | 174.3 ± 3.4 b | 31.0 ± 0.3 f | 10.2 ± 0.3 f | 297.7 ± 15 bcd |
Basmati 515 | 92.4 ± 2.3 b | 164.1 ± 2.7 c | 41.4 ± 0.4 c | 9.8 ± 0.4 c | 307.7 ± 15 ab |
Basmati 198 | 83.5 ± 2.4 d | 144.3 ± 2.5 ef | 45.5 ± 0.3 a | 9.5 ± 0.5 a | 282.8 ± 14 cd |
Basmati 385 | 80.0 ± 1.9 d | 154.9 ± 3.1 d | 32.2 ± 0.5 e | 10.4 ± 0.4 e | 277.5 ± 13 de |
Basmati 2000 | 88.5 ± 2.0 c | 147.1 ± 3.2 e | 36.6 ± 0.8 d | 10.1 ± 0.3 d | 282.3 ± 14 cd |
Irri 6 | 83.1 ± 2.1 c | 183.1 ± 2.3 a | 29.8 ± 0.3 g | 8.6 ± 0.4 g | 304.6 ± 15 bc |
KSK 133 | 65.5 ± 1.5 f | 140.2 ± 2.6 f | 31.5 ± 0.4 ef | 9.5 ± 0.5 ef | 246.7 ± 12 f |
KS 282 | 72.0 ± 1.3 e | 142.9 ± 2.8 ef | 30.1 ± 0.5 g | 8.6 ± 0.3 g | 253.6 ± 12 ef |
Basmati 370 | 92.3 ± 2.1 b | 166.2 ± 3.1 c | 44.4 ± 0.6 b | 9.2 ± 0.4 b | 312.1 ± 15 ab |
Basmati Pak | 103.6 ± 2.7 a | 171.7 ± 2.8 b | 45.2 ± 0.5 ab | 9.8 ± 0.5 ab | 330.3 ± 17 a |
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Zubair, M.; Anwar, F.; Ashraf, M.; Uddin, M.K. Characterization of High-Value Bioactives in Some Selected Varieties of Pakistani Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 4608-4622. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13044608
Zubair M, Anwar F, Ashraf M, Uddin MK. Characterization of High-Value Bioactives in Some Selected Varieties of Pakistani Rice (Oryza sativa L.). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2012; 13(4):4608-4622. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13044608
Chicago/Turabian StyleZubair, Muhammad, Farooq Anwar, Muhammad Ashraf, and Md. Kamal Uddin. 2012. "Characterization of High-Value Bioactives in Some Selected Varieties of Pakistani Rice (Oryza sativa L.)" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 13, no. 4: 4608-4622. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13044608