Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of 1-D Cerium Oxide Nanomaterials: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Recent Works on the Preparation of 1-D CeO2 Nanostructures
2.1. 1-D CeO2 Nanorod
2.2. 1-D CeO2 Nanowire/Nanofiber
2.3. 1-D CeO2 Nanotube
2.4. Other Types of 1-D CeO2 Nanostructure
3. Formation Mechanism of 1-D CeO2 Nanostructures
3.1. Surfactant Assisted 1-D CeO2 Nanostructure Formation
3.2. Non-Surfactant Assisted 1-D CeO2 Nanostructure Formation
4. Applications of Ceria Nanostructure Materials
4.1. UV-Vis Absorption
4.2. UV-Vis Absorption Shift Phenomenon
4.3. Carbon-monoxide Oxidation Phenomenon
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
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References | Preparation Procedure | Sample | Band Gap a(eV) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ed | Ei | |||
e[2] | Polyol | Polycrystalline CeO2 | 3.19 | N.A. |
CeO2 nanospheres (80–100 nm), | 3.46 | |||
Microrods (d WD several100 nm; d L 15 to 20 μm, d AR 25 to 33), | 3.62 | |||
Spindle-like (d WD several 100 nm, d L 2 to 4 μm, d AR 4-8) | 3.36 | |||
[49] | Hydrothermal | Spindle like (d WD 800 nm and d L 5 μm) | 3.55 | N.A. |
[50] | Hydrothermal | CeO2 prism-like mesocrystal Bulk CeO2 | 3.02 3.19 | N.A. |
[51] | Spray pyrolysis | CeO2 films (cerium chloride) (cerium nitrate) | 3.6 3.53 | N.A. |
[52] | Electron beam evaporation; Ion beam assisted deposition | Nanostructured CeO2−x | 3.48 | 3.18 |
e[11] | Ultrasonication | CeO2 nanorods (d AR 10 to 15:1, d L 50–150 nm) | 2.9 | 2.67 |
[53] | Microemulsion | Ceria ultrafine nanostructure | 3.44 2.6 | 2.87 2.73 |
[54] | Pulsed electron beam | CeO2 nanocrystalline films | N.A. | 2.58 |
[56–58] | Physical vapor-deposited | CeO2 films | N.A. | 3.15–3.5 |
[59] | Spray deposition | CeO2 films | N.A. | 3.06–3.08 |
[60] | Sol-gel method | CeO2 films | N.A. | 3.03–3.07 |
References | Sample | T50 [°C] | T100 [°C] | BET [m2g−1] | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
[54] | CeO2/Al2O3 | 270 | N.A.d | 165 | Microemulsion method provides higher catalytical activity |
Microemulsion | N.A. | N.A. | 73 | ||
CeO2/Al2O3 | 320 | N.A. | 167 | ||
Coprecipitation | N.A. | N.A. | 73 | ||
[62] | CeO2/single multiwall | 210 | 230 | 44.9 | In the second and third run, provides 100% conversion at 240 °C. |
[67] | CeO2 hollow | 265 | N.A. | N.A. | Similar conversion provided at the second run. |
Commercial | >300 | N.A. | N.A. | ||
[69] | Mesoporous CeO2 with | N.A. | 220 | N.A. | Higher content of the CuO may alter the surface to volume ratio of the catalyst and affect the gas transfer. |
[70] | CuO | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | |
Bulk CeO2 | N.A. | 500 | 141 | ||
Nano CeO2(NC) | 435 | N.A. | N.A. | ||
2%Cu-NC | 166 | N.A. | 107 | ||
10%Cu-NC | 148 | N.A. | 131 | ||
20%Cu-NC | 150 | N.A. | 118 | ||
[26] | Bulk CeO2 | >300 | N.A. | 5.67 | Ceria nanotubes are more active than the ceria nanoparticles and bulk ceria due to large surface area. |
CeO2 nanoparticle | 298 | N.A. | 30.33 | ||
CeO2 nanotube | 205 | 275 | 83.15 | ||
e[5] | Nanoplate | 215 | >300 | 37.2 | Crystal plane (100) greatly affects the oxidation. |
Nanorod | 273 | >340 | 52.5 | ||
Nanotube | 264 | >325 | 80.1 | ||
e[2] | CeO2-nanoparticle | 295 | 380 | N.A. | BET surface area increases after the calcination at 400 °C and that may influence the conversion. |
Spherical | 284 | 315 | 40.3 | ||
Rods | 265 | 315 | 67.8 | ||
Spindle | 250 | 300 | 67.4 | ||
[6] | CeO2 nanorod | N.A. | 275 | 50.1 | N.A. |
[45] | CeO2 nanoparticle | N.A. | 300 | 62.4 | |
CeO2 sponge rod | 190 | 205 | N.A. | ||
[70] | Au/CeO2 nanorod | N.A. | >220 | N.A. | Au-supported nanoparticle provides better conversion due to the thermal stability. |
CeO2 nano particle | >220 | N.A. | N.A. | ||
CeO2 nanorod | >220 | N.A. | N.A. | ||
Au/CeO2 nano particle | N.A. | 160 | N.A. | ||
[48] | Ceria nanobead | 240 | 300 | 87.5 | CNT templates in the CeO2 hollow nanobeads may be formed from CeO2 − xC. |
Ceria nanoparticle | >300 | N.A. | 5.7 | ||
f[37] | Nanoroda | 290 | N.A. | 128.2 | Possesses enough aging time to increase BET surface area and consequently affect oxidation process. |
Nanorodb | 224 | N.A. | 115.9 | ||
Nanoparticle | 305 | N.A. | 105.1 | ||
Nanowire | 245 | N.A. | 79.8 | ||
Nanotube | 223 | N.A. | 98.2 | ||
Nanocubec | 315 | N.A. | 3.5 |
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Lin, K.-S.; Chowdhury, S. Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of 1-D Cerium Oxide Nanomaterials: A Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2010, 11, 3226-3251. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms11093226
Lin K-S, Chowdhury S. Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of 1-D Cerium Oxide Nanomaterials: A Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2010; 11(9):3226-3251. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms11093226
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Kuen-Song, and Sujan Chowdhury. 2010. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of 1-D Cerium Oxide Nanomaterials: A Review" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 11, no. 9: 3226-3251. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms11093226