Potentiating Biosynthesis of Alkaloids and Polyphenolic Substances in Catharanthus roseus Plant Using ĸ-Carrageenan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effect of Carrageenan Spraying on Growth Parameters of Catharanthus Roseus
2.2. Effect of Carragennan Spraying on Chemical Parameters of Catharanthus roseus
2.3. Effect of Carrageenan Treatments on Pigments
2.4. Effect of Carrageenan Treatments on Elements Content
2.4.1. Macro Elements (N, P, K and Ca)
2.4.2. Micro and Essential Elements (Mn, Cu, Zn and Se)
2.5. HPLC Analysis of Free Amino Acids, Phenolic Compounds and Alkaloids of Catharanthus roseus Leaves Treated with k-Carrageenan
3. Discussion
3.1. Effect of Carrageenan Spraying on Growth Parameters of Catharanthus roseus
3.2. Effect of Carragennan Spraying on Chemical Parameters and Phytochemical Screening of Catharanthus roseus
3.3. Effect of Carrageenan Treatments on Pigment
3.4. Effect of Carrageenan Treatments on Elements Content
3.5. HPLC Analysis of Free Amino Acids, Phenolic Compounds and Alkaloids of C. roseus Leaves Treated with ĸ-Carrageenan
4. Material and Methods
4.1. Plant Material, Field Experiment and Treatments
4.2. Preparation of 80% Ethanolic Extract
4.3. Phytochemical Screening of the Catharanthus roseus Leaf Extracts
4.3.1. Quantitative Analysis of Some Phytochemicals in the Catharanthus roseus Leaf
Total Phenols Content (TP)
Flavonoids Content (F)
Free Amino Acids Content (FAA)
4.3.2. Total Alkaloids Content
4.3.3. Chl a, Chl b and Carotenoids Contents
4.3.4. Anthocyanin Content
4.3.5. Elements Contents
4.4. Free Amino Acids Separation by HPLC
4.5. Phenolic Compounds Separation by HPLC
4.6. Alkaloids (Vincamine, Catharanthine, Vincracine (Vincristine) and Vinblastine) Analysis by HPLC
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Carrageenan Treatments | TPC | TFC | TAC | FAA |
---|---|---|---|---|
μg Gallic/g FW | μg Quercetin/g FW | μg Atropine/g DW | mg Lysine/g FW | |
0 | 2476.5 d ± 5.711 | 271.7 d ± 1.815 | 1359 d ± 2.645 | 132.05 c ± 4.173 |
400 ppm | 3066.4 c ± 1.742 | 466.1 c ± 2.775 | 2535 c ± 0.577 | 195.57 a ± 3.115 |
600 ppm | 3425.6 b ± 3.009 | 663.6 b ± 3.671 | 3064 b ± 4.509 | 138.07 bc ± 3.684 |
800 ppm | 3948.6 a ± 3.492 | 754.6 a ± 3.329 | 3518 a ± 0.046 | 145.49 bc ± 1.061 |
Elements Concentration | Carrageenan Treatments | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0 ppm | 400 ppm | 600 ppm | 800 ppm | |
N (mg/Kg DW) | 15.58 b ± 0.196 | 13.36 d ± 0.213 | 14.66 c ± 0.125 | 16.42 a ± 0.1457 |
P (g/100 g DW) | 0.063 a ± 0.000 | 0.066 a ± 0.001 | 0.060 a ± 0.000 | 0.067 a ± 0.0002 |
K (g/100 g DW) | 0.29 d ± 0.004 | 0.33 b ± 0.009 | 1.38 a ± 0.010 | 1.23 c ± 0.0059 |
Ca (g/100 g DW) | 0.25 c ± 0.003 | 1.54 b ± 0.002 | 1.65 a ± 0.042 | 1.63 a ± 0.0295 |
Mn (mg/Kg DW) | 76.98 c ± 0.027 | 46.14 d ± 0.380 | 154.56 a ± 0.169 | 128.79 b ± 0.7794 |
Cu (mg/Kg DW) | 7.48 c ± 0.397 | 78.79 a ± 0.417 | 13.92 b± 0.4769 | 12.50 b ± 0.4392 |
Zn (mg/Kg DW) | 15.00 c ± 0.987 | 54.22 a ± 0.129 | 43.80 b ± 0.2810 | 43.96 b ± 0.8215 |
Se (mg/Kg DW) | 32.43 d ± 0.282 | 117.17 a ± 0.075 | 92.46 b ± 1.0016 | 85.40 c ± 0.0139 |
Amino Acids (mg/g FW) | Rt (min) | Carrageenan Treatments | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 ppm | 400 ppm | 600 ppm | 800 ppm | |||
1 | ASP | 2.973 | 1.55 a ± 0.011 | 1.32 b ± 0.004 | 0.91 c ± 0.003 | 0.78 d ± 0.004 |
2 | GLU | 4.721 | 4.01 a ± 0.028 | 1.84 d ± 0.010 | 2.18 c ± 0.027 | 2.78 b ± 0.021 |
3 | Serine | 8.391 | 5.41 a ± 0.039 | 5.28 b ± 0.034 | 5.06 c ± 0.041 | 5.27 b ± 0.050 |
4 | Histidine | 10.248 | 0.23 c ± 0.001 | 0.25 b ± 0.002 | 0.18 d ± 0.001 | 0.26 a ± 0.001 |
5 | Glycine | 10.566 | 1.48 c ± 0.009 | 1.60 bc ± 0.008 | 1.70 ab ± 0.007 | 1.85 a ± 0.005 |
6 | Threonine | 10.85 | 4.03 d ± 0.054 | 4.58 b ± 0.050 | 4.45 c ± 0.049 | 6.82 a ± 0.060 |
7 | Arginine | 12.621 | 9.21 a ± 0.104 | 3.08 c ± 0.047 | 0.614 d ± 0.003 | 4.32 b ± 0.052 |
8 | Alanine | 13.122 | 6.85 a ± 0.056 | 4.14 b ± 0.053 | 2.05 c ± 0.017 | 1.23 d ± 0.009 |
9 | Tyrosine | 15.52 | 3.14 a ± 0.066 | 2.48 d ± 0.023 | 3.11 b ± 0.031 | 2.73 c ± 0.048 |
10 | Cysteine | 17.349 | ---- | ---- | --- | ---- |
11 | Valine | 18.783 | 3.52 d ± 0.017 | 3.73 c ± 0.021 | 4.17 b ± 0.041 | 4.93 a ± 0.050 |
12 | Methionine | 19.191 | 4.31 c ± 0.029 | 4.34 c ± 0.051 | 4.58 b ± 0.039 | 5.00 a ± 0.051 |
13 | Tryptophan | 20.796 | 1.06 d ± 0.008 | 1.11 c ± 0.009 | 1.43 b ± 0.011 | 2.44 a ± 0.014 |
14 | Phenylalanine | 21.478 | 3.75 d ± 0.022 | 4.28 a ± 0.044 | 3.84 c ± 0.033 | 4.07 b ± 0.035 |
15 | IsoLeucine | 21.817 | 2.51 d ± 0.019 | 3.36 a ± 0.023 | 3.06 c ± 0.043 | 3.16 b ± 0.031 |
16 | Leucine | 23.018 | 5.28 d ± 0.031 | 6.32 a ± 0.048 | 5.57 c ± 0.047 | 6.23 b ± 0.051 |
17 | Lysine | 24.296 | 1.42 a ± 0.006 | 0.25 d ± 0.001 | 0.82 b ± 0.002 | 0.54 c ± 0.001 |
18 | Proline | 29.288 | 56.45 d ± 1.025 | 59.82 c ± 1.030 | 62.98 b ± 1.007 | 65.28 a ± 1.072 |
Phenolic Compounds (mg/g FW) | Rt min | 0 ppm | 400 ppm | 600 ppm | 800 ppm | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Gallic acid | 3.526 | 0.93 a ± 0.004 | 0.71 b ± 0.003 | 0.72 b ± 0.003 | 0.72 b ± 0.004 |
2 | Chlorogenic acid | 4.311 | 11.18 d ± 0.521 | 15.47 c ± 0.601 | 17.92 b ± 0.624 | 18.97 a ± 0.671 |
3 | catechin | 4.622 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
4 | Methyl gallate | 5.401 | 3.58 b ± 0.021 | 5.16 a ± 0.033 | 2.65 c ± 0.012 | 2.19 d ± 0.012 |
5 | Caffeic acid | 5.8820 | 0.64 a ± 0.003 | 0.55 b ± 0.004 | 0.48 c ± 0.002 | 0.40 d ± 0.003 |
6 | Syringic acid | 6.611 | 3.13 d ± 0.014 | 4.98 a ± 0.021 | 4.11 c ± 0.024 | 4.26 b ± 0.026 |
7 | pyrocatechol | 6.791 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
8 | Rutin | 7.839 | 0.33 b ± 0.001 | 1.11 a ± 0.009 | 0.19 c ± 0.001 | 0.20 c ± 0.001 |
9 | Ellagic acid | 9.036 | --- | 0.89 a ± 0.002 | 0.30 b ± 0.001 | --- |
10 | Coumaric acid | 9.074 | 0.15 c ± 0.001 | 0.15 c ± 0.001 | 0.18 b ± 0.002 | 0.22 a ± 0.002 |
11 | Vanillin | 9.774 | 0.10 b ± 0.001 | 0.22 a ± 0.002 | 0.12 b ± 0.001 | 0.23 a ± 0.002 |
12 | Ferulic acid | 10.292 | 0.23 d ± 0.001 | 0.30 c ± 0.002 | 0.49 b ± 0.002 | 0.74 a ± 0.004 |
13 | Naringenin | 10.587 | 0.11 c ± 0.001 | 0.14 c ± 0.001 | 0.27 b ± 0.001 | 0.30 a ± 0.001 |
14 | Daidzein | 12.12 | 0.07 d ± 0.001 | 1.38 c ± 0.025 | 1.59 b ± 0.027 | 1.88 a ± 0.030 |
15 | Querectin | 12.545 | 1.10 d ± 0.027 | 1.97 c ± 0.030 | 3.10 b ± 0.040 | 3.73 a ± 0.043 |
16 | Cinnamic acid | 14.014 | 0.02 c ± 0.001 | 0.06 c ± 0.001 | 0.16 b ± 0.001 | 0.24 a ± 0.001 |
17 | Apigenin | 14.514 | 0.03 a ± 0.001 | --- | --- | --- |
18 | kaempferol | 15.024 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
19 | hesperetin | 15.606 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
Alkaloid Compounds μg/g | Treatments | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 400 ppm | 600 ppm | 800 ppm | |
vincamine | 24.911 | 12.043 | 16.227 | 18.167 |
catharanthine | 9.878 | 1.559 | 1.662 | 10.157 |
Vincracine (Vincristine) | - | 6.574 | 9.129 | 13.522 |
vinblastine | - | - | - | - |
Total | 34.789 | 20.176 | 27.018 | 41.846 |
Time (Min) | A% | B% |
---|---|---|
0 | 98 | 2 |
0.84 | 98 | 2 |
33.40 | 43 | 57 |
33.50 | 0 | 100 |
39.30 | 0 | 100 |
39.40 | 98 | 2 |
40.0 | 98 | 2 |
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El-Beltagi, H.S.; El-Sayed, S.M.; Abdelhamid, A.N.; Hassan, K.M.; Elshalakany, W.A.; Nossier, M.I.; Alabdallah, N.M.; Al-Harbi, N.A.; Al-Qahtani, S.M.; Darwish, D.B.E.; et al. Potentiating Biosynthesis of Alkaloids and Polyphenolic Substances in Catharanthus roseus Plant Using ĸ-Carrageenan. Molecules 2023, 28, 3642. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083642
El-Beltagi HS, El-Sayed SM, Abdelhamid AN, Hassan KM, Elshalakany WA, Nossier MI, Alabdallah NM, Al-Harbi NA, Al-Qahtani SM, Darwish DBE, et al. Potentiating Biosynthesis of Alkaloids and Polyphenolic Substances in Catharanthus roseus Plant Using ĸ-Carrageenan. Molecules. 2023; 28(8):3642. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083642
Chicago/Turabian StyleEl-Beltagi, Hossam S., Salwa M. El-Sayed, Ahmed. N. Abdelhamid, Karim. M. Hassan, Walaa. A. Elshalakany, Mona Ibrahim Nossier, Nadiyah M. Alabdallah, Nadi Awad Al-Harbi, Salem Mesfir Al-Qahtani, Doaa Bahaa Eldin Darwish, and et al. 2023. "Potentiating Biosynthesis of Alkaloids and Polyphenolic Substances in Catharanthus roseus Plant Using ĸ-Carrageenan" Molecules 28, no. 8: 3642. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083642